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古地理学报 ›› 2009, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (1): 21-27. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2009.01.004

• 岩相古地理学及沉积学 • 上一篇    下一篇

碳酸盐岩台地类型、特征及主控因素

顾家裕 马锋 季丽丹   

  1. 中国石油勘探开发研究院，北京100083
  • 收稿日期:2008-04-01 修回日期:2008-09-05 出版日期:2009-02-01 发布日期:2009-02-01
  • 作者简介:顾家裕，男，1944年生，中国石油勘探开发研究院教授级高级工程师，博士生导师，长期从事沉积、储集层和石油地质研究工作。

Types，characteristics and main controlling factors

 GU Jia-Yu, MA Feng, JI Li-Dan   

  1. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development， PetroChina， Beijing100083
  • Received:2008-04-01 Revised:2008-09-05 Online:2009-02-01 Published:2009-02-01
  • About author:Gu Jiayu， born in 1944， is a senior engineer and supervisor for PhD students of Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development， PetroChina. He is mainly engaged in researches of sedimentology， reservoir and petroleum geology.

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摘要：

在总结前人工作的基础上,结合作者对塔里木盆地和四川盆地碳酸盐岩的研究,根据地理位置、坡度、封闭性和镶边性把碳酸盐岩台地分为以下类型:缓坡开放型无镶边台地、缓坡封闭型无镶边台地、陡坡开放型无镶边台地、陡坡封闭型无镶边台地、缓坡开放型有镶边台地、缓坡封闭型有镶边台地、陡坡开放型有镶边台地、陡坡封闭型有镶边台地、礁滩型孤立台地、岩隆型孤立台地。总结了不同类型碳酸盐岩台地沉积特征并建立了沉积模式,用以指导当前碳酸盐岩的油气勘探。最后,探讨了不同类型台地形成和发育的主控因素,认为构造运动所形成的古地形(貌)和水体能量控制台地和沉积物的类型,海平面的升降控制台地类型及沉积物的变化。

关键词: 碳酸盐岩台地, 碳酸盐岩台地类型, 镶边台地, 沉积特征, 主控因素, 碎屑灰岩, 沉积模式

Abstract:

Analyses of the carbonate platform have been carried out based on the achievements of previous researchers， combining with the authors studies of the carbonate platforms in the Tarim Basin and Sichuan Basin. The carbonate platform is divided into the following types according to geographical position， slope gradient， sealability of platform margin and rimming feature of platform， namely as: the gentle slope and open platform without rims， the gentle slope and restricted platform without rims， the steep slope and open platform without rims， the steep slope and restricted platform without rims， the gentle slope and open platform with rims， the gentle slope and restricted platform with rims， the steep slope and open platform with rims， the steep slope and restricted platform with rims， the reefbank isolated platform and the buildup isolated platform. The sedimentary characteristics of different types of platforms were investigated and their sedimentary models were established which can guide the hydrocarbon exploration of carbonate rocks. Finally， the main factors controlling the formation and development of carbonate platforms are discussed. The reseaarch indicates that paleotopography formed by tectonic movement and the water flow energy control the types of the platform and sediments and the sea level changes control the types of platform and the changes of sediments.