摘要： 基于黄河下游古湖历史文献资料,详细估测了历史时期黄河下游130余个古湖的大致形状和面积,对各古湖的消亡过程进行了详细的总结和分析,并进一步讨论了导致古湖消亡的原因。结果表明: (1)历史时期黄河下游地区至少有135个湖泊,总面积高达16 195.64 km²,主要沿黄河古河道分布,其中中小型湖泊(面积小于等于100 km²)为黄河下游古湖的主体,分别占历史时期湖泊总数、总面积的74.81%、30.23%。(2)自宋朝以来黄河下游古湖整体呈萎缩消亡态势,中小型湖泊消亡数量最多,占历史时期湖泊总数的60.34%;现代仍存湖泊数量为28个,减少了79.26%,总面积4910.66 km²,减小了69.68%。(3)气候变化是古湖消亡的背景,黄河改道泛滥带来的泥沙淤积是促使古湖消亡的直接原因,而人类围湖造田等活动加速了这一进程。

关键词: 古湖, 空间分布, 消亡, 黄河下游

Abstract: This study assesses the historical lakes in the lower reaches of the Yellow River using ancient documents,estimating the general shape and approximate area of over 130 ancient lakes during historical times. We have meticulously analyzed the extinction process of these ancient lakes and discussed the factors contributing to their demise. Our findings reveal that during the historical period,there were at least 135 lakes in the lower reaches of the Yellow River,covering a total area of 16195.64 km². These lakes were primarily situated along the ancient channel of the Yellow River,with small and medium-sized lakes(areas under 100 km²)constituting the majority. These smaller lakes accounted for 74.81% of the total number of lakes and 30.23% of the total area. Since the Song Dynasty,there has been a noticeable shrinkage in these ancient lakes. Among the smaller and medium-sized paleolakes,60.34% of 135 lakes have disappeared. Only 28 ancient lakes remain today,marking a decline of 79.26% in their number,and their total area has reduced to 4910.66 km²,a decrease of 69.68%. The study suggests climate change is the background for the extinction of ancient lakes. The sediment accumulation caused by the Yellow River avulsion and flooding is the direct reason for the disappearance of these ancient lakes. Meanwhile,human activities such as land reclamation around the lakes have accelerated this process.

Key words: paleolake, spatial distribution, extinction, lower reaches of Yellow River

中图分类号: 

• P531