摘要： 1920年华北五省旱灾被当时的报刊称为“四十年未有之奇荒”。依据《近代中国灾荒纪年续编(1919—1949)》中采用的关于此次大旱的各种原始记录,分3个社会层次6种类型统计分析了这些原始资料灾情记录的特点及差异,并探讨了不同类型史料用于旱灾重建的优势和局限性,得出以下主要结论: (1)记录内容方面,中央重点关注灾情最重县份,地方官方和组织统计更详尽,报刊记录具有非统计、重描述的特点;(2)统计信息数量方面,地方官方最大,中央次之,民间最少;(3)统计时间顺序方面,民间最早(报刊统计在时间上贡献最大),地方官方次之,中央最晚;(4)以《赈务通告》为代表的官方文书等资料的灾情统计信息丰富,有助于旱灾受灾区域重建;《近代中国灾荒纪年续编(1919—1949)》等整编资料多侧重对灾情的整理,关于此次旱灾其他影响和响应的记录还需其他史料的支持。

关键词: 1920年, 旱灾, 华北五省, 灾荒纪年

Abstract: The drought in five provinces of North China during 1920 AD was called “Never Seen in The Past 40 Years”. This paper adopted the related original records of the drought in The Continuation of Disaster Annals in Recent China(1919-1949) and analyzed the characteristics and difference of the original drought records by dividing them into three social levels and six types. The advantages and limitations of different materials for drought reconstruction were also discussed. Conclusions came as follows: (1)In the aspect of records' contents,the central authorities pay much attention to the severest counties; the statistics from local government and organizations are more detailed; the records of newspapers aren't statistical data but descriptive words. (2)In the aspect of the quantity of statistical information,local government,central authorities and folk level reduce in turn.(3)In the time aspect,the folk level recorded earliest(especially newspapers reported); local government recorded later; central authorities recorded latest.(4)Official documents represented by Announcement of Relief Work include abundant information,which helps to reconstruct the drought area; reorganized materials like the Continuation of Disaster Annals in Recent China (1919-1949) put particular emphasis on the reorganization of the drought conditions so that much more drought influences and responses of 1920 AD need more other historical materials to support.

Key words: 1920 AD, five provinces in North China, drought, Disaster Annals

中图分类号: 

• P468