摘要： 私人日记是重建高分辨率历史天气气候序列的珍贵史料来源。以《查山学人日记》中的雨日记录为指标复原了日记史料相对缺乏的19世纪早期(1800—1813年)上海地区的梅雨特征,并将雨日区分为5个降水等级,同时将1951—1998年上海龙华站器测日降水量划分为与日记降水记录相匹配的5个降水等级,然后根据龙华站梅雨期、汛期各级雨日数与降水量之间的回归关系复原了1800—1813年的梅雨量和汛期降水量。结果显示:(1)1800—1813年的梅雨相对典型,平均入梅日期为6月10日,出梅日期7月7日,梅期雨日数20.1天,梅期长度27.1天,梅雨量257.3 mm,汛期降水量669.5 mm,与利用《雨雪分寸》重建的梅雨期大体一致,梅雨量有较大差异。(2)整体上看,该时段平均入、出梅日期比龙华站各年代有所提前,梅期雨日数和长度略有增加,梅雨量偏丰,梅雨强度偏强,汛期降水量在适中水平。梅雨特征量、汛期降水量与龙华站各年代不存在显著差异,与20世纪80、90年代最相近。(3)复原的“梅期雨日数、梅期长度”、汛期降水量与区域旱涝状况均有较好的对应关系,与东亚夏季风强弱变化指示的降水空间变化特征也比较相符,反映出文中所用的日记资料以及复原方法和结果具有较高的可靠性。

关键词: 1800—1813年, 《查山学人日记》, 上海, 梅雨, 汛期降水量, 旱涝等级

Abstract: Personal diary is a precious proxy data for historical weather and climate reconstruction with high resolution. According to the index of rainfall days recorded in the diary named Zhashanxueren Diary in Shanghai area during AD 1800-1813 in the early nineteenth century when diaries are relatively deficient,this paper reconstructs the characteristics of Meiyu during this period.We distinguish the recorded rainfall days for 5 precipitation grades by which the instrumental daily precipitation of Shanghai Longhua station during AD 1951-1998 is distinguished,so the precipitation of Meiyu and the precipitation in flood season during AD 1800-1813 can be reconstructed according to the regression relationship between rainfall days for 5 grades and precipitation of Longhua station. The results show that:(1)During AD 1800-1813,the average starting date of Meiyu was 10th,June, the ending date was 7th,July, the rainfall days was 20.1 days,the duration of Meiyu was 27.1 days,the precipitation was 257.3 mm,and the precipitation in flood season was 669.5 mm.The annual starting and ending dates of Meiyu were similar with that reconstructed by Yu Xue Fen Cun, but the precipitation of Meiyu was different. (2)As a whole,comparing with meteorological observation data of every 10 years at Longhua station during AD 1951-1998,it is found that the average starting and ending dates of Meiyu during AD 1800-1813 were earlier than present.The rainfall days,duration,and precipitation of Meiyu were a bit larger. The strength of Meiyu was more stronger,and the precipitation in flood season was at moderate level. However,there is no significant difference in the characteristics of Meiyu and the precipitation in flood season between AD 1800-1813 and decadal scale during AD 1951-1998,the characteristics during AD 1981-1990 and AD 1990-1998 are more closer to AD 1800-1813. (3)“Rainfall days, length of Meiyu”as well as the precipitation in flood season have a good correspondence with drought-flood conditions and the spatial distribution characteristics of precipitation indicated by the strength of East Asian Summer Monsoon(EASM),which shows that the used diaries,including the reconstrcution methods and results in the paper are with high reliability.

Key words: AD 1800-1813, Zhashanxueren Diary, Shanghai, Meiyu, precipitation in flood season, drought-flood grade

中图分类号: 

• P467