摘要： 黔南坳陷是扬子克拉通内由3组不同方向的断裂围限的一个相对稳定的区块。分4个阶段（新元古代，早古生代，晚古生代—三叠纪，侏罗纪—古近纪）重塑了贵州南部及邻区与周边造山作用耦合的盆地演化。广西运动形成北东向构造，是海相沉积建造阶段中的一次重要改造。印支运动使贵阳—镇远断裂和紫云—罗甸断裂反转，奠定了其成为黔南坳陷的北界和西南界断裂的基础。中侏罗世后的逆掩—冲断可分为两期：早期称燕山运动，以北东走向的断裂向北西逆冲和扩展为特征；晚期称燕山末期—喜马拉雅运动，区域上表现为北北东走向的断裂向南东东逆冲，铜仁—三都断裂成为黔南坳陷的东界，印支运动形成的近南北向—北北东向断层向西（偏北）逆冲，构成铜仁—三都断裂的背冲构造。近南北向断层上盘发育的开阔背斜是黔南坳陷内海相油气勘探的最有利靶区。

关键词: 黔南坳陷, 构造—古地理演化, 盆—山耦合, 广西运动, 印支运动, 燕山运动, 燕山末期—喜马拉雅运动, 油气勘探

Abstract: The southern Guizhou Depression，bounded by the Guiyang-Zhenyuan，Ziyun-Luodian and Tongren-Sandu faults on the north，southwest and east respectively，is a relatively stable block within the Yangtze Craton.The tectono-palaeogeographic evolution of the depression and its neighboring areas could be divided into four stages: Neoproterozoic，Early Paleozoic，Late Paleozoic-Triassic，Jurassic-Paleogene，and the basin development coupling with the neighboring orogenesis was reconstructed.The Guangxi orogeny was an important reformation in the formation period of marine sediments，which resulted in appearance of NE-striking structures.The Indosinian orogeny caused the NEE-orientation Guiyang-Zhenyuan fault and the NW-orientation Ziyun-Luodian fault inverted，and founded the north and southwest boundaries of the southern Guizhou Depression for the both faults.The NE-striking faults rejuvenated repeatedly in Meso-Cenozoic.Two generations of thrusting since the Middle Jurassic could be distinguished.The early one occurred in the Yanshanian orogeny，with the thrusting towards the northwest，and the thrust system expanding to the northwest.The later one occurred in the latest Yanshanian-Himalayan orogeny.Regionally，the NNE-striking faults thrust towards the east to south，and the Tongren-Sandu fault became east boundary of the southern Guizhou Depression.The longitudinal faults within the depression，which created in the Indosinian orogeny，rejuvenated and thrust towards the west，and made up a back-thrust system of the Tongren-Sandu fault in the latest Yanshanian-Himalayan orogeny.The broad folds developed in the upper plates of the longitudinal faults might be beneficial target regions for marine oil-gas exploration in the depression.

Key words: southern Guizhou Depression, tectono-palaeogeographic evolution, basin-orogeny coupling, Guangxi orogeny, Indosinian orogeny, Yanshanian orogeny, latest Yanshanian-Himalayan orogeny, oil-gas exploration

中图分类号: 

• P548