摘要：

本文在野外考察的基础上并参照洞穴次生方解石的年代资料和有关文献,指出青藏高原目前所见到的岩溶地貌主要是第三纪古岩溶地下部分经后期剥蚀形成的。更新世间冰期至少在高原南部,湿热型岩溶地貌过程得以延续;更新世冰期在灰岩山地冰川槽谷的边缘,冰川融水作用亦可发育小型洞穴。现代灰岩表面一些深度在十数cm以下的平行溶沟则形成于全新世。晚新生代以来青藏高原岩溶地貌经历了一个从低海拔到高海拔、从较低纬度到较高纬度的三维演化过程。

Abstract:

There has been a strong controversy about the origins of the limestone landforms on Tibet plateau for a long time. In this paper, intensive field surveys, together with dating of the cave secondary calcite crystals, has revealed that the current limestone karst landforms on the plateau was originated from later erosion of the Tertiary underground karst. During the Pleistocene inter-glacial epoch, the tropical-subtropical type of karstification continued at least on the southern part of the plateau. This kind of karst landforms is called the old karst in this paper. However, during the Pleistocene glacieal epoch, the melting water of the Pleistocene glaciers can form some small-scale karst caves along the margin of the glacial valley in the limestone mountains. The parallel-oriented karrens, with a depth no more than 10 cm, on present limestone surface are the results of the Holocene erosion. These karrens are named modern karst. The karst landforms on the Tibetan plateau have undergone a distinctive change from lower altitude and latitude to higher altitude and latitude since the Late Cenozoic.