Abstract:

The Taohe River Basin is a key origin of prehistoric cultures in western China,with a clearly defined cultural evolution trajectory,making it an ideal area for studying prehistoric human activities. Based on a comprehensive collection of archaeological site data,this study uses methods such as site analysis,tomb excavations,and grid reconstruction models to reconstruct the settlement patterns,populations,and cultivated lands during five cultural phases in the basin: Yangshao,Majiayao,Qijia,Xindian,and Siwa. The analysis indicates: (1)Prehistoric settlements in this region expanded from the source of the Wei River to the Taohe River Basin,reaching their peak during the Majiayao and Qijia cultures(5.4~3.6 ka BP),and then gradually contracted and diversified after 3.4 ka BP,with corresponding changes in population and cultivated land. (2)The changes in prehistoric cultivated land in this region were significantly influenced by climatic changes. During the Yangshao to Qijia cultural period,he climate was relatively warm and moist,fostering agricultural development,which led to an increase in settlements and population. After 3.6 ka BP,as the climate shifted to cooler and drier conditions,production modes diversified;the lower-altitude northern areas continued to focus on agriculture,while the higher-altitude southern areas developed a mixed farming-pastoral economy.

Key words: Taohe River Basin, neolithic culture, archaeological site, cropland reconstruction

摘要：

洮河流域是中国西部地区史前文化的重要源地之一,史前文化演变轨迹清晰,是史前人类活动演化研究的理想区域。本研究在收集大量史前考古遗址信息的基础上,采用遗址、墓葬、网格重建模型等方法,重建了该流域仰韶、马家窑、齐家、辛店和寺洼5个文化时期的聚落、人口和耕地。分析发现: (1)该区域史前聚落从渭河源头跨越至洮河流域,在距今5.4~3.6 ka BP马家窑、齐家文化期间规模最大,3.4 ka BP之后逐渐收缩、分化,人口和耕地规模随着聚落的变化,而出现相应的变化。(2)该区域史前耕地的变化受气候变化影响显著,仰韶—齐家文化时期,气候相对温暖湿润,农业得到全面发展,聚落、人口增加; 3.6 ka BP以后随着气候向干冷化方向发展,当地生产方式发生分化,北部地势较低的区域仍保持以农业为主,南部海拔较高的区域则发展为农—牧混合经济。

关键词: 洮河流域, 新石器文化, 考古遗址, 耕地重建

CLC Number: 

• P53

• F329