Research frontier and development of source-to-sink systems

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2026.002

Abstract

Abstract:

The source-to-sink system(S2S)refers to the complete process of sediment erosion,transport,and deposition,in which sediments are generated from erosional landscapes,transported through routing systems,and ultimately deposited within depositional environments. Research on S2S not only advances our comprehensive understanding of Earth surface dynamics and their evolution,but also provides a geological basis and predictive models for identifying favorable sandbody distributions and guiding sedimentary mineral exploration and development. Based on a review of the history of S2S studies,this work highlights current research frontiers,including integrated perspectives on modern S2S systems,deep-time S2S systems and palaeogeographic reconstruction,characterization of S2S processes coupled with geomorphic-sedimentary evolution modeling,and applications of S2S theory in energy geology. Significant progress has been achieved in several aspects,such as classification of S2S systems and characterization of their main types,source-area attributes and sediment supply,sediment transport processes and signal propagation along routing systems,depositional processes(sandbody dispersal systems)and their controlling factors,quantitative characterization of S2S components(e.g.,the BQART model),and prediction of sandbody distribution. Finally,future research should place greater emphasis on the quantitative characterization of sediment transport and signal propagation of routing system,as well as predictive approaches for sandbody distribution.

Key words: source-to-sink system, source area and sediment supply, sediment routing system, sedimentary processes and controlling factors, sandbody prediction, future tendency

摘要：

源汇系统是指从剥蚀地貌中剥蚀产生、经搬运体系输送、最终在沉积地貌中沉积下来的完整沉积物剥蚀—搬运—沉积过程,其研究不仅有助于完整认识地球表层动力学过程及其演化,而且能为沉积矿产勘探开发提供地质基础和预测性模型。在分析源汇系统研究历史的基础上,认为当今关注热点包括整合视角下的现代源汇系统研究、深时源汇系统与古地理重建、源汇过程表征与地貌—沉积演化耦合模拟和源汇系统理论的能源地质应用; 指出在源汇系统分类和主要类型特征、物源区特征和供源作用、搬运过程和路径系统信号传播、沉积过程(砂体分散体系)和控制因素、源汇系统要素定量表征(BQART模型)、源汇系统与砂体预测等方面取得了显著进展,最后讨论了源汇系统未来研究应关注的搬运过程和路径系统信号传播、源汇系统要素定量表征与砂体预测等主要研究方向。

关键词: 源汇系统, 物源区及供源作用, 沉积路径系统, 沉积过程与控制因素, 砂体预测, 发展趋势

CLC Number:

P588.2

ZHU Xiaomin, LIU Qianghu, TAN Mingxuan, CHEN Hehe. Research frontier and development of source-to-sink systems[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition）, 2026, 28(1): 25-43.

朱筱敏, 刘强虎, 谈明轩, 陈贺贺. 源汇系统: 研究关注热点和发展趋势^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2026, 28(1): 25-43.

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URL: http://www.gdlxb.cn/EN/10.7605/gdlxb.2026.002

http://www.gdlxb.cn/EN/Y2026/V28/I1/25

Figures/Tables 9

Fig.1 Knowledge graph of source-to-sink systems(Based on the WOS publications from 1990 to 2025)

Fig.2 Classification of geometrical morphologies of modern source-to-sink systems(modified from Nyberg et al., 2018)

Fig.3 Relationship between provenance characteristics and clastic production,and their influence on source-to-sink systems (modified from Allen and Heller,2012)

Fig.4 Sediment dispersion and deposition in sediment routing systems(modified from Allen and Allen,2013)

Fig.5 Influence of extracellular polymeric substance content on sediment gravity flow types and transport distance (modified from Sobocinska and Baas,2022)

Fig.6 Source-to-sink coupling and sand-controlled model of the Shahejie Formation(a)and Dongying Formation(b) in Shaleitian uplift and adjacent areas in Bohai Sea

Fig.7 Coupled response model of provenance tectonic breakpoint migration and fan development in the sink area during the syn-rifting(a)-transition(b)-post-rifting(c)stages of continental rift basins

Table 1 Key issues and characterization methods of multi-scale source-to-sink systems

时间尺度	研究对象与空间尺度	核心科学问题与挑战	主要定量表征技术与方法
现代源汇系统	现代河流、三角洲、海底扇; 米—千米级	过程响应机制、人类活动影响、实时监测数据获取	高精度地形扫描(LiDAR)、遥感卫星、原位传感器、水文测量、无人机摄影测量、沉积物通量实时监测
第四纪源汇系统	冰芯、湖芯、海洋沉积物; 全球到区域尺度	气候事件序列、侵蚀—沉积速率突变、海平面变化影响、测年精度与分辨率	同位素测年(¹⁴C,OSL)、环境磁学、元素地球化学、生物标志化合物、气候替代性指标分析、统计学分析
深时源汇系统	地层记录、古地貌; 千米—数百千米级	地层保存不全、古环境参数稀缺、时间分辨率低、多期构造叠加改造	地层学与沉积学分析、碎屑锆石U-Pb定年与微量元素、重矿物组合、地球化学指标(主微量、同位素)、数值模拟(地形演化、沉积过程)

Fig.8 Various spatial scales and multi-dimensional illustration of source-to-sink numeric modeling

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