Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition） ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (6): 1368-1399. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2025.084

• LITHOFACIES PALAEOGEOG RAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Research on the sedimentary architecture characterization and genetic mechanisms of tide-dominated estuaries: case studies of M1 Sandstone in Oriente Basin and Bearreraig Sandstone in Hebrides Basin

ZHU Sicheng1(), SUN Panke1(), ZHANG Chaoqian2, TIAN Gang1, LIANG Zhi1, LI Zhexing1, LI Zhenyu1, WANG Zhuo1, CHEN Zhangxing3, XU Huaimin1   

  1. 1 College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
    2 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China
    3 Eastern Institute of Technology, Zhejiang Ningbo 315200, China
  • Received:2025-01-02 Revised:2025-07-14 Online:2025-12-01 Published:2025-11-25
  • Contact: SUN Panke,born in 1988,is an associate professor and director of Ph.D. candidate. He is mainly engaged in reservoir geology and reservoir description research. E-mail: sunpk@cup.edu.cn.
  • About author:

    ZHU Sicheng,born in 1996,is a Ph.D. candidate in China University of Petroleum(Beijing). He is currently engaged in sedimentary geology research and reservoir description research. E-mail: .

  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China “Genetic mechanisms and multi-dimensional characterization of variable-scale heterogeneity in tight sandstone gas reservoirs”(42572150)

潮控河口湾沉积构型表征及成因机制研究:以Oriente盆地M1砂岩段和Hebrides盆地Bearreraig砂岩段为例*

朱思成1(), 孙盼科1(), 张超前2, 田堽1, 梁智1, 李哲兴1, 李振宇1, 王焯1, 陈掌星3, 徐怀民1   

  1. 1 中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院, 北京 102249
    2 中国石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083
    3 东方理工大学, 浙江宁波 315200
  • 通讯作者: 孙盼科,男,1988年生,副教授,博士生导师,主要从事油气田开发地质及油藏描述等相关研究。E-mail: sunpk@cup.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:

    朱思成,男,1996年生,中国石油大学(北京)博士研究生,主要从事沉积地质学、储层地质学及油藏描述研究。E-mail: 。

  • 基金资助:
    *国家自然科学基金项目 “致密砂岩气藏变尺度非均质性成因机制及多维表征”(42572150)

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Abstract:

In the classification of clastic coastal depositional systems,tide-dominated estuaries hold significance equivalent to open tidal flats and tide-dominated deltas,representing an end-member of tidal environments. Sustained increases in accommodation and underfilled depositional conditions make estuaries favorable sites for the sandy sediment accumulation. Mixed hydrodynamic conditions control the sediment redistribution processes,while local variations in flow energy significantly affect the spatial distribution patterns of sand and mud components. These factors lead to a greater diversity of lithofacies types and lithofacies associations and relatively complex internal sedimentary structures. Therefore,this study integrates the sedimentary palaeogeographic research of the M1 Sandstone Member,Oriente Basin and the outcrop studies of the Bearreraig Sandstone Member,Isle of Skye,focusing on the systematic dissection of multi-level sedimentary architecture within tide-dominated estuaries. The study explores the controlling mechanisms behind the development of sequence-, sedimentary-, and bedform-scale architectures,and establishes a classification scheme for tide-dominated estuaries,applicable to levels 0-8.The two tide-dominated stratigraphic units from the M1 Sandstone and the Bearreraig Sandstone—exhibit different tide-dominated environmental stacking patterns,reflecting the systematic control of the source supply intensity by differential subsidence processes on the architecture of sequence-scale sedimentary units at levels 7-8. Based on comprehensive sedimentary reservoir data,and through the sedimentary palaeogeographic reconstruction of the M1 Sandstone Member’s inherited tide-dominated estuarine environment,this study further elaborates on the regional distribution patterns and scale variation trends of the levels 4-6 sedimentary architecture under mixed-hydrodynamic processes. Results indicate that,during the transition of mixed-hydrodynamic conditions, increasing tidal influence drives a gradual transformation of sand-body architectures, from proximal discrete tidal point bars to more distal and continuous tidal sand bars. Tidal flat architecture units,in contrast,are primarily governed by specific water depth and flow velocity remaining relatively stable along marqinal-tidal-falt zones. Moreover, outcrop evidence from the Bearreraig Sandstone Member provides detailed insights into bedform-scale(levels 0-3) architectures,revealing the influence mechanisms of local flow conditions-including ancient tidal flow direction and tidal cycle—on the scale and structural complexity growth of small-scale sedimentary architecture units. This study summarizes the classification standards of architecture levels and architecture development styles in tide-dominated estuarine environments within clastic coastal systems,offering a model foundation for comparative research on sedimentary structures and architecture evolution in tide-dominated systems.

Key words: tide-dominated estuary, sedimentary architectural style, tidal sand bar, mixed hydrodynamic processes, M1 Sandstone Member, Bearreraig Sandstone Member

摘要：

在碎屑海岸沉积体系的分类方案中,潮控河口湾是与开阔潮坪、潮控三角洲同等重要的沉积环境,属于潮汐主导的环境单元。持续性可容空间增长和欠补偿的充填条件使得河口湾成为砂质沉积物的有利富集区域。混合水动力条件主导了沉积物的再分配过程,局部水体能量的差异配置对于砂泥组分的空间分配格局具有显著的影响,这使得河口湾沉积物发育更为多样的岩相和微相类型,并且具有相对复杂的内部结构。因此,作者整合了Oriente盆地M1砂岩段的沉积古地理研究和Skye岛Bearreraig砂岩段的野外露头研究,侧重于对潮控河口湾多级次沉积构型的系统解剖,探讨了影响层序—沉积—底形级次沉积构型发育的成因主控机制,并建立了适用于潮控河口湾环境的0~8级沉积构型划分方案。来自于M1砂岩段和Bearreraig砂岩段的2套潮控体系地层单元,具有不同的潮控环境叠置模式,反映了差异沉降过程主导下物源供给强度对于7~8级层序尺度构型单元结构的系统性控制。在此基础上,基于完备的沉积储集层资料,围绕M1砂岩段继承性潮控河口湾环境的沉积古地理重建,详细论证了混合水动力过程影响下4~6级沉积构型单元的区域性分布规律和规模变化趋势。研究表明,在混合水动力条件的转换过程中,随着潮汐作用的增强,砂体构型单元由近源离散型潮汐点坝逐渐过渡为远端连续型潮汐沙坝; 而潮坪构型单元主要受特定水深、流速的控制,稳定分布于两侧边缘潮坪区域。此外,Bearreraig砂岩段的野外露头证据补充了0~3级底形尺度的精细结构特征,揭示了环境内部的局部水体条件,包括古潮汐流方向、潮汐周期等对于小尺度构型单元规模及结构复杂度增长过程中的影响机制。该研究总结了碎屑海岸体系中潮控河口湾环境的构型级次划分标准和构型发育样式,为潮控体系沉积物结构特征的对比研究和沉积构型演化研究提供了模式依据。

关键词: 潮控河口湾, 沉积构型样式, 潮汐沙坝, 混合水动力过程, M1砂岩段, Bearreraig砂岩段

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