Holocene stratigraphic framework and lithofacies palaeogeography of Qaidam Basin

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2025.079

Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition） ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (6): 1466-1484. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2025.079

• LITHOFACIES PALAEOGEOG RAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY • Previous Articles Next Articles

Holocene stratigraphic framework and lithofacies palaeogeography of Qaidam Basin

LIANG Kunxian¹(), ZHANG Jinming¹(), SONG Taizhong¹, KE Xue², YANG Wenjun¹

1 Key Laboratory of the Northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Geological Process and Mineral Resource, Qinghai Geological Survey Institute, Xining 810012, China
2 Institute of Geological Survey, China University of Geosciences(Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China

Received:2024-08-20 Revised:2025-02-18 Online:2025-12-01 Published:2025-11-25
Contact: ZHANG Jinming,born in 1982,is a professor-level senior engineer. He is mainly engaged in regional geology and mineral resources survey. E-mail: 271883992@qq.com.
About author:
LIANG Kunxian,born in 1989,is an engineer. He is mainly engaged in regional geology and mineral resources survey.E-mail: 471008497@qq.com.
Supported by:
Financially supported by the Geological Exploration Project of Qinghai Province Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Exploration and Development(青地矿科[2022]32号); Financially supported by the Geological Exploration Project of Qinghai Province Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Exploration and Development(青地矿[2025]9号)

柴达木盆地全新世地层格架与岩相古地理^*

梁坤先¹(), 张金明¹(), 宋泰忠¹, 柯学², 杨文军¹

1 青藏高原北部地质过程与矿产资源重点实验室, 青海省地质调查院, 青海西宁 810012
2 中国地质大学(武汉)地质调查研究院, 湖北武汉 430074

通讯作者: 张金明,男,1982年生,教授级高级工程师,从事区域地质矿产调查。E-mail: 271883992@qq.com。
作者简介:
梁坤先,男,1989年生,工程师,从事区域地质矿产调查。E-mail: 471008497@qq.com。
基金资助:
*青海省地质矿产勘查开发局地质勘查项目(青地矿科[2022]32号); 青海省地质矿产勘查开发局地质勘查项目(青地矿[2025]9号)

Abstract

Abstract:

The Qaidam Basin is located at the junction of the Paleo-Asian tectonic domain and the Tethyan-Himalayan tectonic domain,characterized by a distinctive basin-mountain structural pattern. The Cenozoic strata in the basin were well developed,preserving a continuous and complete sedimentary record from the early Cenozoic to the Quaternary. Clarifying the Holocene stratigraphic framework and lithofacies-palaeogeography of the Qaidam Basin,and analyzing the history of sedimentary facies evolution,are of great significance for achieving new breakthroughs in salt mineral exploration within the basin. Based on a comparative analysis of lithologic facies and stratigraphic correlations from 103 borehole sections and 4 outcrop sections,a comprehensive study of the Holocene sedimentary facies of the Qaidam Basin was conducted. The results show that five types sedimentary facies developed in Qaidam Basin: alluvial fan,braided river,eolian sand,lacustrine delta and lake. The alluvial-fan facies developed along the basin margins,while the braided-river facies were mainly distributed across the intrabasin plains. Small lakes within the basin primarily formed salt-lake dry-flat deposits,accompanied locally by shoreline and shallow-lake subfacies. Influenced by the climatic variations of the Marine Isotope Stage(MIS)periods,the intrabasin salt lakes gradually dried up and disappeared. Consequently,the chemical deposition within the dry salt flat expanded further,leading to the progressive formation of large-scale evaporite(salt)deposits.

Key words: stratigraphic division, lithofacies palaeogeography, sedimentary facies, Holocene, Qaidam Basin

摘要：

柴达木盆地地处古亚洲构造域和特提斯—喜马拉雅构造域的结合部,具有特殊的盆—山构造格局,盆地内新生代地层非常发育,保存了从新生代早期至第四纪之间连续、完整的沉积记录。明确柴达木盆地全新世地层格架与岩相古地理、分析沉积相演化历史,对柴达木盆地盐类矿产勘探取得新突破具有重要意义。本次通过对盆地103个钻孔剖面、4处露头剖面的岩相及钻孔地层间对比分析基础上,对柴达木盆地全新世沉积相进行综合研究。研究认为: 柴达木盆地全新世发育冲积扇、辫状河、风成沙、湖泊三角洲、湖泊5种沉积相类型; 盆地边缘发育冲积扇相,辫状河相主要分布于盆内平原地区,盆地内小型湖泊主体形成盐湖干盐滩相沉积及局部的盐湖滨、浅湖亚相沉积。因MIS(Marine Isotope Stage)期气候影响,盆内盐湖逐渐干涸并消亡,干盐滩化学沉积进一步扩大,大型盐类矿产地逐步形成。

关键词: 地层划分, 岩相古地理, 沉积相, 全新世, 柴达木盆地

CLC Number:

P531

LIANG Kunxian, ZHANG Jinming, SONG Taizhong, KE Xue, YANG Wenjun. Holocene stratigraphic framework and lithofacies palaeogeography of Qaidam Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition）, 2025, 27(6): 1466-1484.

梁坤先, 张金明, 宋泰忠, 柯学, 杨文军. 柴达木盆地全新世地层格架与岩相古地理^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2025, 27(6): 1466-1484.

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Figures/Tables 7

Fig.1 Remote sensing image map and Holocene geological sketch map of Qaidam Basin

Fig.2 Sedimentary sequence,stratigraphic division and facies analysis of the Holocene in Qaidam Basin

Fig.3 Holocene joint column profile of Qaidam Basin

Fig.4 Typical Holocene sedimentary layers and sedimentary structures in Qaidam Basin

Fig. 5 Holocene lithofacies paleogeographic map of Qaidam Basin

Fig.6 Characteristics of typical Holocene sedimentary facies in Qaidam Basin

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