Spherulite-dendritic crystal characteristics and its genesis of the Lower Cretaceous lacustrine carbonate rocks in Santos Basin,Brazil

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2023.05.076

Abstract

Abstract: The Lower Cretaceous Barra Velha Formation in Santos Basin,Brazil,consists of lacustrine carbonate components with spherical,dendritic and shrub structures,but their origin has not been unified yet. Based on the analysis of drilling core and thin section data,combined with geochemical data and regional tectonic background,this paper analyzes the characteristics of various components,classification, and depositional environments of these carbonate rocks. The research shows that spherical crystals with cross extinction under orthogonal light developed in the Barra Velha Formation,also including fan-shaped crystals,dendriform crystals and dendritic crystals with undulatory extinction. The micritic limestone,spherical crystal and dendritic crystal formed an upper vertical sequence. Trace elements,carbon and oxygen isotopes,and clumped isotopes,suggest a high-salinity and high-temperature fluid condition when the spherulite-dendritic crystals were deposited. In combination with regional tectonic background of the Santos Basin,this paper proposes the spherical crystal-dendritic particles were caused by the hydrothermal fluid connected by the deep large faults,and the saline minerals charge supplied by the frequent seawater transgression. This model better explains the characteristics of the rapid growth of spherulite-dendritic particles,and provides a new theoretical basis for the genesis and distribution of carbonate reservoirs in this basin.

Key words: Santos Basin, Cretaceous, lacustrine carbonate rocks, spherulite, hydrothermal deposition

摘要： 巴西桑托斯盆地下白垩统Barra Velha组发育形状为球粒状、灌木状、树枝状的湖相碳酸盐结构组分,但对其成因的认识尚未统一。利用岩心、薄片资料,结合地球化学测试结果和区域构造背景,详细分析了Barra Velha组碳酸盐岩的结构组分特征、分类及其成因环境特征。研究表明: Barra Velha组发育十字消光的球粒状组构及波状消光的扇状、灌木状和树枝状组构,垂向上呈泥晶—球粒状—树枝状组构沉积序列; 微量元素、碳氧同位素及团簇同位素测试结果支持Barra Velha组球粒状—树枝状组构沉积时,水体具高盐度、高温的特点。结合区域沉积背景,提出深大断裂沟通热液导致湖水升温、表层海水频繁海侵补给盐类物质的桑托斯盆地球粒状—树枝状组构热水沉积模式。该研究成果可以较好地解释球粒状—树枝状组构快速生长的特征,也为该层系碳酸盐岩储层成因和分布规律研究提供了新的依据。

关键词: 桑托斯盆地, 白垩系, 湖相碳酸盐岩, 球粒结构, 热水沉积

CLC Number:

P588.24+5

SUN Haitao, HUANG Xiaojie, YANG Liu, FAN Guozhang, HUANG Xiaojuan, WANG Hongping, ZHONG Dakang, ZHOU Siyu. Spherulite-dendritic crystal characteristics and its genesis of the Lower Cretaceous lacustrine carbonate rocks in Santos Basin,Brazil[J]. JOPC, 2023, 25(5): 1199-1210.

孙海涛, 黄小洁, 杨柳, 范国章, 黄小娟, 王红平, 钟大康, 周思宇. 巴西桑托斯盆地下白垩统湖相碳酸盐岩球粒—树枝状组构特征与成因^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2023, 25(5): 1199-1210.

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