摘要：

  对各种古土壤的分类标准进行比较之后，重点介绍了Mack的古土壤分类及其土壤的演变序列。Mack的古土壤分类主要依据稳定矿物和保存在土壤中的古地貌属性，将古土壤划分为9种。在地层序列中古土壤的识别标志主要包括颜色、粒度、生物成因构造（植物生长痕迹）、原生沉积构造退化特征、层次化和边界特征、宏观结构特征、矿物及地球化学特征等。可以通过野外观察、室内显微镜观察、实验室化验及地震、测井资料来进行鉴别。陆相盆地具有很强的分隔性，盆地相变又非常复杂，寻找区域性较稳定的层序界面比较困难。越来越多的研究证实用古土壤划分陆相成因地层层序、解决地区及全球对比具有重要的实用价值。

Abstract:

After comparing all the standards of each classification scheme for paleosols， Mack’s classification scheme and its evolvement succession are introduced. This scheme is largely based on the stable minerals and the geomorphology attributes preserved in the soils. According to Mack’s theory，paleosols can be divided into nine kinds. The features for identifying paleosols mainly include color，granularity，biogenetic structure (the trace of plant growth)，degradation character of original depositional structure，arrangement，boundary character，macro-structure character，mineral and geochemical characters. We can distinguish the paleosols by means of field observation，microscopic examination，laboratory experiments，seismic and logging data. Non-marine basins show strong separation characters，and complex lateral facies variation so that it is difficult to find a regional stable sequence boundary. More and more studies prove that paleosols play an important role in the division of terrestrial stratigraphic sequence, and the regional and global correlation .