摘要：

海南岛与大陆有过连、断、再连、再断的地史变化，使本岛的生物群及其生态环境与华南大陆既有一定的关联性，又有一定的差异性。海南岛现代生物多样性直接继承和发展了新生代，尤其是第四纪全新世早期的生物类群，其组成成分与现代基本一致。由于海南岛处于低纬度地区，受第四纪冰期影响较小，一些古老的植物和动物能得以保存下来，特别是到了全新世早期，全球性气候转温，本岛动、植物区系尤其兴盛发达。三亚落笔洞是本岛迄今最早一处的人类活动文化遗址，本岛最早的先住民——“三亚人”是古越族的一支，他们的到来和繁衍以及后来的移民使本岛生物及其生态环境发生了较大的变化。

Abstract:

Hainan Island and the mainland have the history of being connected, disconnected, reconnected and redisconnected, which makes the biota of the island and its ecological environment have some correlation and some differences with South China Mainland. The diversity of modern biology in Hainan Island is directly inherited and developed from that of the  Cenozoic, especially, the biological community in the Early Holocene of the Quarternary, whose components is basically identical with the modern ones. Since Hainan Island is located at the low latitude zone, and got few influences from Ice Age of the Quaternary, which led to the preservation of its old flora and animals. In the Early Holocene the global climate turned warm, the palaeobiogeographical division in the island were prosperous. San Ya Luobi Cave is the earliest site of human cultural activities up to now, and the earliest inhabitants-----San Ya  Human-----is a branch of Archaian Yue nationality. Their ingoing and multiply and later immigrants greatly changed the biology and environment in the island.