黔西古陆相沉积型稀土资源成矿特征与潜力<sup>&#x0002A;</sup>

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2025.052

古地理学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (2): 411-422. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2025.052

黔西古陆相沉积型稀土资源成矿特征与潜力^*

罗香建¹(), 覃英¹(), 龚大兴², 卢树藩¹, 陈武¹, 黄庆³, 王彪³, 田恩源², 符宏斌¹, 盘应娟¹

1 贵州省地质调查院,贵州贵阳 550081
2 中国地质科学院矿产资源综合利用研究所,四川成都 610041
3 贵州省地质矿产勘查开发局一一三地质大队,贵州六盘水 553000

收稿日期:2024-08-26 修回日期:2024-12-18 出版日期:2025-04-01 发布日期:2025-04-01
作者简介:
罗香建,男,1987年生,高级工程师,主要从事油气地质及沉积地球化学研究。E-mail: 546071000@qq.com。
基金资助:
*贵州省科技厅重大科技工程项目—贵州稀土、钡、氟等特色资源成矿规律与找矿预测研究(黔科合找矿战略[2022]ZD004)项目资助

Mineralization characteristics and resource potential of ancient terrestrial sedimentary rare earth in western Guizhou Province,China

LUO Xiangjian¹(), QIN Ying¹(), GONG Daxing², LU Shufan¹, CHEN Wu¹, HUANG Qing³, WANG Biao³, TIAN Enyuan², FU Hongbin¹, PAN Yingjuan¹

1 Guizhou Geological Survey,Guiyang 550081,China
2 Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China
3 113 Geological Brigade,Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Deveopment, Guizhou Province,Guizhou Liupanshui 553000,China

Received:2024-08-26 Revised:2024-12-18 Online:2025-04-01 Published:2025-04-01
About author:
LUO Xiangjian,born in 1987,is a senior engineer. He is mainly engaged in oil and gas geology and sedimentary geochemistry. E-mail: 546071000@qq.com.
Supported by:
Financially supported by the Department of Science and Technology of Guizhou important scientific project(No.QKHZKZL[2022]ZD004)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

贵州西部(黔西)稀土含矿岩系广泛出露于峨眉山玄武岩组(P₂_-₃em)与上覆上二叠统宣威组(P₃x)/龙潭组(P₃l)接触不整合界面上,地理分布在赫章—六盘水—盘州一线以西。沉积环境整体属于陆相冲积平原相,稀土矿主要形成于物源补给充分的陆相山前湖泊相环境。矿体主要产于含矿岩系中部高岭石伊利石层段,矿体厚0.55~2.83m,平均厚1.42m;稀土含量一般在0.19%~0.50%之间,平均在0.37%以上,具有轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的特点,且富含高价值关键稀土元素镨、钕、铽、镝。稀土资源主要经历了峨眉山玄武岩喷溢物源形成阶段、风化淋滤初始富集阶段、搬运沉积成矿阶段、间歇性暴露淋滤再富集阶段4个成矿阶段过程。矿床形成受古地理、沉积环境、物源补给等条件复合限制,古陆湖沼相是稀土元素富集成矿的优势相区,是下一步该类型稀土找矿潜力所在地。

关键词: 黔西, 古陆相, 沉积型稀土, 成矿规律, 成矿特征, 资源潜力

Abstract:

The rare earth ore-bearing rock series in western Guizhou Province are widely exposed at the unconformity interface between the Emeishan Basalt Formation(P_2-3em)and the overlying Permian Xuanwei Formation(P₃x)/Longtan Formation(P₃l),geographically distributed west of the Hezhang-Liupanshui-Panzhou line. The overrall sedimentary environment belongs to the terrestrial alluvial plain facies,and rare earth deposits are mainly formed in the terrestrial mountain-front lake facies environment with sufficient material supply. The ore body is primarily located in the middle of the kaolinite-illite layer of the ore-bearing rock series,with a thickness of 0.55 to 2.83 meters and an average thickness of 1.42 meters;The rare earth content is generally between 0.19% and 0.50%,with an average of exceeding 0.37%. It has the characteristics of light rare earth enrichment and heavy rare earth depletion,and is rich in high-value key rare earth elements praseodymium,neodymium,terbium,and dysprosium. Rare earth resources have mainly gone through four mineralization stages: the formation stage of Emeishan basalt ejecta source,the initial enrichment stage of weathering and leaching,the transport and deposition mineralization stage,and the intermittent exposure and leaching re enrichment stage. The formation of mineral deposits is limited by a combination of paleogeography,sedimentary environment,and source supply conditions. The paleoland lacustrine facies is the advantageous facies area for rare earth element enrichment and mineralization,and is the next potential area for rare earth exploration of this type.

Key words: western Guizhou Province, ancient terrestrial facies, sedimentary rare earth elements, mineralization law, mineralization characteristics, resource potential

罗香建, 覃英, 龚大兴, 卢树藩, 陈武, 黄庆, 王彪, 田恩源, 符宏斌, 盘应娟. 黔西古陆相沉积型稀土资源成矿特征与潜力^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2025, 27(2): 411-422.

LUO Xiangjian, QIN Ying, GONG Daxing, LU Shufan, CHEN Wu, HUANG Qing, WANG Biao, TIAN Enyuan, FU Hongbin, PAN Yingjuan. Mineralization characteristics and resource potential of ancient terrestrial sedimentary rare earth in western Guizhou Province,China[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition）, 2025, 27(2): 411-422.

http://www.gdlxb.cn/CN/Y2025/V27/I2/411

图/表 8

图1 峨眉山大火成岩省大地构造位置及晚二叠世康滇古陆及上扬子地块西缘区域地质简图(据田恩源等,2023)

Fig.1 Tectonic location map and regional geological sketch map of Kangdian ancient land and western margin of Upper Yangtze Block in the Late Permian(after to Tian et al.,2023)

图2 黔西古陆相沉积型稀土含矿层系典型露头与不同岩性段典型岩石特征
a—富稀土岩系露头及岩性分段; b—碎屑岩段中砂砾岩; c—碎屑岩段中硅化木; d—碎屑岩段植物碎片化石; e—疏松孔状高岭石黏土岩; f—致密块状伊利石黏土岩; g—顺层分布的植物化石; h—紫红色凝灰质黏土岩; i—渗流豆; j—水平层理

Fig.2 Typical outcrops and typical rock characteristics of different lithologic sections of ore-bearing strata in western Guizhou Province

图 3 黔西古陆相沉积型稀土含矿岩系纵横向剖面沉积相对比(剖面位置见图 4)
a—近东西向Ⅰ剖面; b—近东西向Ⅱ剖面; c—近南北向Ⅲ剖面

Fig.3 Comparison of sedimentary facies in transverse section of ore bearing rock series in western Guizhou Province

图4 黔西古陆相沉积型稀土成矿期古地理

Fig.4 Palaeogeography of rare earth mineralization period in western Guizhou Province

图5 黔西威宁鱼布沟稀土矿床矿区地质图

Fig.5 Geological diagram of the rare earth resource mining area of Weining Yubugou deposit in western Guizhou Province

图6 黔西威宁鱼布沟矿床秀水矿段GDZK1钻孔含矿岩系柱状图

Fig.6 Bar chart of ore bearing rock series in borehole GDZK1 of Xiushui section of Weining Yubugou deposit in western Guizhou Province

图7 黔西威宁鱼布沟矿床秀水矿段矿体连接对比

Fig.7 Correlation of ore body connections in Xiushui ore section of Weining Yubugou Deposit in western Guizhou Province

图8 黔西古陆相沉积型稀土成矿模式

Fig.8 Paleoterrestrial sedimentary rare earth mineralization model in western Guizhou Province

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