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古地理学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (3): 802-810. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2025.01.005

• 人类历史时期古地理学 • 上一篇    

陕西省明代饥荒的时空分布及灾害因素*

高兴1,2(), 周俊俊3, 王星星4, 李佩韦5, 吴朋1,2, 张冬梅1,2   

  1. 1 扬州大学中国大运河研究院,江苏扬州 225100
    2 扬州大学长江文化研究院,江苏扬州 225100
    3 海南师范大学地理与环境科学学院,海南海口 571158
    4 山西能源学院地质与测绘工程系,山西晋中 030600
    5 陕西省动物研究所,陕西西安 710032
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-20 修回日期:2024-03-18 出版日期:2025-06-01 发布日期:2025-05-29
  • 作者简介:

    高兴,男,1994年生,博士,讲师,主要从事历史灾害地理研究。E-mail: 。

  • 基金资助:
    *江苏省社会科学基金项目(23LSC002); 陕西省重点研发计划(2023-YBNY-142); 教育部中外人文交流中心与文化旅游行业中外人文交流研究院研究课题(2023DYH1014); 扬州大学人文社会科学基金项目(xjj2023-38); 扬州大学中国大运河研究院开放课题(DYH202302)

Spatiotemporal distribution and disaster factors of famines during Ming Dynasty(1368-1644 AD)in Shaanxi Province,China

GAO Xing1,2(), ZHOU Junjun3, WANG Xingxing4, LI Peiwei5, WU Peng1,2, ZHANG Dongmei1,2   

  1. 1 Institute of the Grand Canal,Yangzhou University,Jiangsu Yangzhou 225100,China
    2 Institute of the Yangtze Culture,Yangzhou University,Jiangsu Yangzhou 225100,China
    3 School of Geography and Environmental Science,Hainan Normal University,Haikou 571158,China
    4 Department of Geology and Surveying and Mapping,Shanxi Institute of Energy,Shanxi Jinzhong 030600,China
    5 Shaanxi Institute of Zoology,Xi'an 710032,China
  • Received:2023-11-20 Revised:2024-03-18 Online:2025-06-01 Published:2025-05-29
  • About author:

    GAO Xing,born in 1994,Ph.D.,lecture,is engaged in historical disaster geography. E-mail: .

  • Supported by:
    Jiangsu Provincial Social Science Foundation(23LSC002); Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(2023-YBNY-142); Fund of Center for International People-to-People Exchange of Ministry of Education,P. R. China(2023DYH1014); Humanities and Social Sciences Foundation of Yangzhou University(xjj2023-38); Open Project of the Institute of the Grand Canal of Yangzhou University(DYH202302)

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摘要：

基于地方志、汇编资料、公开史料检索平台等多源资料,提取陕西省明代(1368—1644年)饥荒发生的县次、时间特征、灾害因素等信息,采用语义量化、统计分析、指数构建等方法分析饥荒发生的时空分布特征,构建饥荒指数序列,并捕捉引发饥荒的灾害因素。结果表明: (1)陕西省明代饥荒呈现出显著的阶段性及月份季节变化特征,可以划分为1368—1420年、1421—1600年、1601—1644年 3个阶段,第3阶段饥荒发生的程度最重、范围最广泛,在季节上分布相对分散且集中发生于七月、二月等月份,周期性分析显示饥荒发生与太阳活动存在关联。(2)饥荒呈现出广泛性、聚集性和显著正空间自相关性,各区域间饥荒分布特征存在明显差异,关中饥荒频次高但陕北、陕南受灾更重,陕南饥荒分布聚集性尤为突出。(3)旱灾、旱灾—虫灾分别是单灾害因素(SF)、双灾害因素(DF)中最为显著的灾害因素,DF引发的饥荒程度较SF更重,旱灾、虫灾(蝗灾为主)、涝灾是引发饥荒最关键的灾害因素。各区域引发饥荒的关键灾害因素存在差异,陕北饥荒受旱灾主导,关中饥荒原因多为虫灾,陕南饥荒多由涝灾引发,这与各区域截然不同的自然环境有关。

关键词: 饥荒, 时空变化特征, 自然灾害, 明代, 陕西

Abstract:

This article integrates multi-source dataset,including local chronicles,compiled materials,and historical material online platform,to extract information county-level occurrences,temporal characteristics,and disaster triggers of famines in Shaanxi Province during the Ming Dynasty(1368-1644 AD). Through semantic quantification,statistical analysis,and famine index construction,we reveal the spatiotemporal patterns of famine and identify key disaster drivers. The results are as follows: (1)Famines in Shaanxi Province during the Ming Dynasty exhibit distinct temporal patterns and monthly/seasonal variations,with three phases: 1368-1420 AD,1421-1600 AD,and 1601-1644 AD. The third phase(1601-1644 AD)shows the highest severity and spatial extent,with famines clustered in July and February but distributed across seasons. Periodic analysis indicates famine periodicity correlates with solar activity cycles.(2)Regional disparities are evident: Guanzhong(central Shaanxi)records the highest frequency,whereas northern and southern Shaanxi suffer greater severity. Southern Shaanxi exhibits the strongest clustering.(3)Drought is the dominant single-factor trigger(SF),while drought-insect co-occurrence prevails among dual factors(DF). DF-induced famines are more severe than SF. The primary drivers are droughts, locust infestations, and floods. Regional variations align with environmental contexts: northern Shaanxi is drought-dominated, Guanzhong faces insect-driven crises, and southern Shaanxi is flood-prone.

Key words: famine, spatiotemporal change, natural disaster, Ming Dynasty, Shaanxi Province

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