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古地理学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (1): 152-163. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2022.01.012

• 海洋古地理专辑 • 上一篇    下一篇

山东青岛灵山湾南部海滩的时空演变及其影响因素*

吴闯1,2, 张晓东1,2, 许淑梅1,2, 胡日军1,2, 姜胜辉1,2, 杨作升1,2   

  1. 1 海底科学与探测技术教育部重点实验室,中国海洋大学,山东青岛 266100;
    2 中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院,山东青岛 266100
  • 收稿日期:2021-07-06 修回日期:2021-08-16 出版日期:2022-01-01 发布日期:2022-01-24
  • 通讯作者: 张晓东,男,1971年生,中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事河口海岸演变和海洋沉积物输运研究。E-mail: zxd@ouc.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:吴闯,男,1997年生,中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院硕士生,从事海岸演变研究。E-mail: 15517813797@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    *山东省自然科学基金项目(编号: ZR2019MD037)和国家自然科学基金项目(编号: 41776059)联合资助

Spatial and temporal evolution of Lingnan Beach in Qingdao of Shandong Province and its influencing factors

Wu Chuang1,2, Zhang Xiao-Dong1,2, Xu Shu-Mei1,2, Hu Ri-Jun1,2, Jiang Sheng-Hui1,2, Yang Zuo-Sheng1,2   

  1. 1 Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques,MOE,Ocean University of China,Shandong Qingdao 266100,China;
    2 College of Marine Geosciences,Ocean University of China,Shandong Qingdao 266100,China
  • Received:2021-07-06 Revised:2021-08-16 Online:2022-01-01 Published:2022-01-24
  • Contact: Zhang Xiao-Dong,born in 1971,is an associate professor of the College of Marine Geosciences,Ocean University of China. He is mainly engaged in estuarine and coastal evolution,and marine sediment transport. E-mail: zxd@ouc.edu.cn.
  • About author:Wu Chuang,born in 1997,is a master degree candidate of the College of Marine Geosciences,Ocean University of China. He is mainly engaged in coastal evolution.E-mail: 15517813797@163.com

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摘要： 全面准确评估海滩的时空演变,是海滩侵蚀防护的前提;基于卫星图像资源全面准确评估海滩的时空演变,对于缺乏长期连续实测数据的海滩的侵蚀防护具有重要意义。本研究基于谷歌地球引擎合成并下载灵南海滩(灵山湾南部海滩)1984—2021年的880幅卫星图像,聚焦海滩剖面提取干湿线和水边线在剖面上的位置;结合模拟潮位分析海滩剖面形态,计算海滩坡度和平均高、低潮线等,采用多指标研究灵南海滩的时空演变;结合历史资料分析影响灵南海滩演变的主要因素,并利用海滩实测数据评估利用卫星图像提取的海滩岸线的误差。结果表明,大量卫星图像的应用提高了研究结果的时间分辨率、精度和可靠性。在1984—2021年间,灵南海滩部分岸段发生了阶段性快速侵蚀,侵蚀速率为5.2~60 m/a,总侵蚀量达30~78 m,持续时间为0.5~11年,该快速侵蚀主要是挖沙、养殖场改建和废弃等人为因素造成的,风暴潮起次要的辅助作用。除上述快速侵蚀时段外,灵南海滩普遍发生慢速侵蚀,侵蚀速率一般小于2 m/a,这是相对海平面上升和河流入海泥沙锐减等的结果。

关键词: 海滩演变, 卫星图像, 海滩剖面, 水边线, 干湿线

Abstract: Comprehensively and accurately assessing the spatial and temporal evolution of beaches is the premise of beach erosion protection. Comprehensively and accurately assessing the spatial and temporal evolution of beaches based on satellite imagery is of great significance to the erosion protection of beaches which lack long-term continuous measured data.In this paper,880 satellite images of Lingnan Beach from 1984 to 2021 were synthesized and downloaded from Google Earth Engine;the dry/wet line and waterline positions on transects were extracted using a method focusing on beach transects.Combined with simulated tidal heights,the beach profile morphology was analyzed. The beach slope,mean high and low tide lines were calculated,and the spatial and temporal evolution of Lingnan Beach was studied by using above multiple indicators. Combined with historical data,the main factors affecting the evolution of Lingnan Beach were analyzed,and the errors of the satellite-derived beach shorelines were evaluated using the measured data of the beach.The results show that the application of a large number of satellite images improves the temporal resolution,accuracy and reliability of the results. In 1984-2021,part of Lingnan Beach have experienced periodic rapid erosion with a rate of 5.2~60 m/a and a total amount of 30~78 m,lasting for about 0.5~11 years. The rapid erosion was mainly caused by human factors such as dredging sand,reconstruction and abandonment of aquaculture farms,while storm surges played a secondary role. Apart from rapid erosion periods,there was widespread slow erosion at Lingnan Beach,and the erosion rate was mostly less than 2 m/a,resulting from the relative sea level rise and the significant reduction of river discharged sediments into the sea.

Key words: beach evolution, satellite image, beach profile, waterline, dry/wet line

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