摘要： 陆相细粒沉积岩是中国含油气盆地中重要的烃源岩和致密油储集层。随着对烃源岩、致密油、页岩油-气勘探开发研究的不断深入,陆相细粒沉积岩取得了一系列重要进展并持续进行着前沿探索。作者论述了传统细粒沉积岩基本概念及演变,岩石、矿物组成特征、成因机制与分类方法。结合近年来在陆内裂谷盆地陆相细粒沉积岩中广泛分布的火山—热液物质的新报道及研究成果,认为火山物质、热液喷流物质不仅参与了陆相黑色细粒岩系的沉积和成岩作用,也与油气生成有密切关系。加强对陆相细粒沉积研究,探讨深源碎屑及热液流体的来源及其对细粒沉积过程的影响,既有利于丰富、完善沉积学和陆相含油气盆地生油理论,也有利于更好地指导致密油、页岩油-气的勘探开发。

关键词: 细粒沉积岩, 深源碎屑, 热液喷流, 类型划分, 成因探讨

Abstract: Continental fine-grained sedimentary rocks are important source rocks and tight oil-bearing rocks in continental petroliferous basins of China. In recent years,lots of significant progress and promising front research have been conducted due to continuous working on source rock,tight oil and gas. This paper reviewed the domestic and overseas existing research of fine-grained sedimentary rocks,and then discussed their evolution of basic concepts,petrological, mineralogical characteristics, forming mechanisms and classification approachs. According to recent literatures and reports,there distributes abundant volcanic-hydrothermal material in fine-grained sedimentary rocks which develop in intracontinental rift environment. Thus,studying the source of deep-derived clastics and hydrothermal fluids under intracontinental extensional environment,as well as how do they influence depositional process seems to be extremely necessary. This paper considered volcanic and hydrothermal exhalative material not only took a part in deposition and diagenesis processes,but also involved with hydrocarbon generation in terrestrial dark fine-grained rocks. Further studying on terrestrial fine-grained sedimentary rocks will benefit completing and enriching theories of sedimentation and petroleum generation in continental petroliferous basins. Consequently,tight oil and shale oil-gas exploration and development can be better instructed.

Key words: fine-grained sedimentary rock, deep-derived clastics, hydrothermal exhalative material, classification, forming mechanism

中图分类号: 

• P581

• P588