黏性沉积物中的古地震触变流动变形<sup>&#x0002A;</sup>

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2018.04.044

古地理学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (4): 609-622. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2018.04.044

• 岩相古地理学及沉积学 • 上一篇下一篇

黏性沉积物中的古地震触变流动变形^*

苏德辰, 乔秀夫

中国地质科学院地质研究所,北京 100037

收稿日期:2018-04-12 修回日期:2018-04-28 出版日期:2018-08-01 发布日期:2018-07-31
作者简介:苏德辰,男,1964年生,研究员,主要从事古地震和沉积学研究。通讯地址: 北京市百万庄大街26号。E-mail: sudechen@163.com。乔秀夫,男,1930年生,研究员,主要从事沉积学、地层学和灾变事件研究。通讯地址: 北京市百万庄大街26号。E-mail: 13691572080@163.com。
基金资助:
*国家自然科学基金项目(编号: 41772116)、中国地质调查局基本科研业务费项目(编号: JYYWF201818)和中国地质科学院基本科研业务费项目(编号: YYWF201705)联合资助

Thixotropic deformation features of cohesive sediments triggered by palaeoearthquakes

Su De-Chen, Qiao Xiu-Fu

Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037

Received:2018-04-12 Revised:2018-04-28 Online:2018-08-01 Published:2018-07-31
About author:Su De-Chen,born in 1964,is a research professor. He is engaged in researches of palaeoearthquakes records and sedimentology. E-mail: sudechen@163.com.Qiao Xiu-Fu,born in 1930,is a research professor. He is engaged in researches of palaeoearthquakes records and sedimentology. E-mail: 13691572080@163.com.
Supported by:
Co-funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41772116), Basic Research Funds Project of China Geological Survey(No. JYYWF201818)and Basic Research Funds Project of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences(No. YYWF201705)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 粒径小于0.005mm的饱和淤泥和黏土等对地震和外力扰动产生的敏感变化特性被称为触变性。地震触发的软沉积物流动变形构造包括液化流动变形与触变流动变形两大类,前者多指沙层和碳酸盐沉积物的液化流动变形,后者指饱和的泥质沉积物触变流动变形。在地层剖面中,饱和淤泥、淤泥质土、黏土、硅泥(胶体)、碳酸盐灰泥等黏性沉积物的触变流动变形构造广布,它们多与沙层等的液化变形构成复合变形构造,但中外地质学家对触变流动变形构造注意较少,往往把它们笼统解释为液化流动构造。近年来地震触发饱和淤泥的触变流动变形现象逐渐引起地质学家的关注。作者对国内多个地层剖面中地震触发的饱和淤泥流动变形记录进行了描述和成因解释,并按照触变流动变形的方向性归纳出4类模式,即①向上流动、②向下流动、③同时向上及向下流动和④近水平方向流动,希望引起从事软沉积物变形和古地震研究的地质学家的关注。

关键词: 黏性沉积物, 触变, 软沉积物变形, 液化, 古地震

Abstract: Thixotropy in this article refers to the property exhibited by saturated sludges and clays when with particle sizes less than 0.005mm become liquid upon stir or shake during strong earthquakes. The soft-sediment flow deformation structures triggered by earthquakes include liquefied flow deformation and thixotropic flow deformation. The former refers to the liquefaction and flow deformation of sand layers(including fine carbonate sediments);the latter refers to the flow of saturated argillaceous sediments. Thixotropic structures such as mud,clay,siliceous mud,lime mud, etc. are widely distributed in the stratigraphic record,and they mostly form a composite deformation structure with the liquefied deformation structure of the sand layer. Usually the geologists pay more attention to the features of sand layers or misinterpret the thixotropic structures of argillaceous sediment as the liquefied flow structures of sand. Based on the distribution pattern of saturated argillaceous sediments in the stratum,this paper divides the thixotropic flow deformation into four categories: (1)upward,(2)downward,(3)simultaneous upward and downward, and (4) nearly horizontal flows. In this paper, characteristics of these thixotropic features and their forming processes were described and interpreted in combination with field phenomena. Finally,thixotropic flow deformation structures have been systematically summarized. We hope that the thixotropic features would draw attention from geologists engaged in researches on soft sedimentary deformation and palaeoearthquakes.

Key words: cohesive sediments, thixotropy, soft-sediment flow deformation, liquefaction, palaeoearthquake

中图分类号:

P588.22

苏德辰, 乔秀夫. 黏性沉积物中的古地震触变流动变形^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2018, 20(4): 609-622.

Su De-Chen, Qiao Xiu-Fu. Thixotropic deformation features of cohesive sediments triggered by palaeoearthquakes[J]. JOPC, 2018, 20(4): 609-622.

http://www.gdlxb.cn/CN/Y2018/V20/I4/609

参考文献

[1] 陈希哲. 2004. 土力学与地基基础. 北京: 清华大学出版社.
[Chen X Z.2004. Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press]
[2] 胡圣飞,李慧,胡伟,陈祥星. 2012. 触变性研究进展及应用综述. 湖北工业大学学报, 27(2): 57-60.
[Hu S F,Li H,Hu W,Chen X X.2012. Progress and Application of Thixotropy. Journal of Hubei University of Technology, 27(2): 57-60]
[3] 刘宝珺. 1980. 沉积岩石学. 北京: 地质出版社.
[Liu B J.1980. Sedimentary Petrology. Beijing: Geological Publishing House]
[4] 刘娟娟,曾国红,孟令帅,贺武斌. 2016. 扰动对粉土触变强度恢复影响规律研究. 地下空间与工程学报, 12(5): 1294-1299.
[Liu J J,Zeng G H,Meng L S,He W B.2016. Research on the Influence of Disturbance on the Recovery of Thixotropic Strength of Silt. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 12(5): 1294-1299]
[5] 乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,李海兵,彭阳,张传恒,章雨旭. 2007. 地层中地震记录(古地震). 北京: 地质出版社,1-263.
[Qiao X F,Song T R,Gao L Z,Li H B,Peng Y,Zhang C H,Zhang Y X.2007. Earthquake Records in the Strata(Paleoearthquake). Beijing: Geological Publishing House,1-263]
[6] 乔秀夫,李海兵. 2009. 沉积物的地震及古地震效应. 古地理学报, 11(6): 593-610.
[Qiao X F,Li H B.2009. Effect of earthquake and ancient earthquake on sediments. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 11(6): 593-610]
[7] 乔秀夫,郭宪璞,李海兵,苟宗海,苏德辰,唐哲民. 2012. 龙门山晚三叠世软沉积物变形与印支期构造运动. 地质学报,86(1),132-156.
[Qiao X F,Guo X P,Li H B,Gou Z H,Su D C,Tang Z M.2012. Soft-sediment deformation in the Late Triassic and the Indosinian Tectonic Movement in Longmenshan. Acta Geologica Sinica, 86(1): 132-156]
[8] 乔秀夫,王彦斌. 2014. 华北克拉通中元古界底界年龄与盆地性质讨论. 地质学报, 88(9): 1623-1637.
[Qiao X F,Wang Y B.2014. Discussions on the Lower Boundary Age of the Mesoroterozoic and Basin Tectonic Evolution of the Mesoproterozoic in North China Craton. Acta Geologica Sinica, 88(9): 1623-1637]
[9] 乔秀夫,姜枚,李海兵,郭宪璞,苏德辰,许乐红. 2016. 龙门山中、新生界软沉积物变形及构造演化. 地学前缘,23(6),80-106.
[Qiao X F,Jiang M,Li H B,Guo X P,Su D C,Xu L H,2016.Soft-sediment deformation structures and their implications for tectonic evolution from Mesozoic to Cenozoic in the Longmen Shan. Earth Science Frontiers, 23(6): 80-106]
[10] 乔秀夫,李海兵,苏德辰,何碧竹,田洪水,郭宪璞,宋天锐,吕洪波,高林志,贺静,袁效奇,周玮,张淼,孙爱萍,王安东. 2017. 软沉积物变形构造: 地震与古地震记录. 北京: 地质出版社,1-264.
[Qiao X F,Li H B,Su D C,He B Z,Tian H S,Guo X P,Song T R,Lu H B,Gao L Z,He J,Yuan X Q,Zhou W,Zhang M,Sun A P.2017. Soft Sediment Deformation Structures-Records of Earthquake and Paleoearthquake. Beijing: Geological Publishing House,1-264]
[11] 苏德辰,孙爱萍. 2011. 北京永定河谷中元古界雾迷山组软沉积物变形与古地震发生频率. 古地理学报, 13(6): 591-614.
[Su D C,Sun A P.2011. Soft-sediment deformation structures and the occurrence frequency of palaeoearthquake in Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 13(6): 591-614]
[12] 苏德辰,李春旺,孙爱萍,乔秀夫. 2017. 太行山北缘中元古界发现泥火山群. 中国地质, 44(2): 399-400.
[Su D C,Li C W,Sun A P,Qiao X F.2017. Mesoproterozoic mud volcanoes discovered in North Taihang Mountain: Preliminary results. Geology in China, 44(2): 399-400]
[13] 田洪水,张邦花,祝介旺,张增奇,李洪奎. 2011. 早寒武世初期沂沭断裂带地震效应. 古地理学报, 13(6): 645-656.
[Tian H S,Zhang B H,Zhu J W,Zhang Z Q,Li H K.2011. Seismic effects from the Yishu Zone during the Initial Stage of the Early Cambrian. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 13(6): 645-656]
[14] 田洪水,王华林,祝介旺,杨传成,吕明英,张慎河. 2015a. 山东安丘地区软土震陷及地震产生的土层构造新启示. 岩土工程学报, 37(4): 734-740.
[Tian H S,Wang H L,Zhu J W,Yang C C,Lü M Y,Zhang S H.2015a. New revelation from seismic subsidence of soft soils and earthquake-induced soil-layer deformation structures in Anqiu area,Shandong Province. China Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 37(4): 734-740]
[15] 田洪水,张爱社,张慎河,张邦花,祝介旺,吕明英. 2015b. 饱和灰泥模拟地震试验与液化变形. 北京: 地震出版社,1-78.
[Tian H S,Zhang A S,Zhang S H,Zhang B H,Zhu J W,Lü M Y.2015b. Simulation earthquake tests and liquefied deformations of the saturated lime-mud. Beijing: Seismological Press,1-78]
[16] 田洪水,吕明英,张邦花,桑忠喜. 2015c. 山东济南下寒武统朱砂洞组软沉积变形中燧石的Sm-Nd年龄测定及其意义. 古地理学报, 17(1): 45-50.
[Tian H S,Zhang B H,Zhu J W,Sang Z X.2015c. The Sm-Nd age of chert in the earthquake-induced soft sediment deformation structure from the Lower Cambrian Zhushadong Formation and its significance,Jinan of Shandong Province. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 17(1): 45-50]
[17] 田洪水,Wagoner Loon A J,王华林,张慎河,祝介旺. 2016. 大盛群中的震积岩: 郯庐断裂带构造与地震活动新证据. 中国科学: 地球科学, 46(1): 79-96.
[Tian H S,Wagoner Loon A J,Wang H L,Zhang S H,Zhu J W.2016. Seismites in the Dasheng Group: New evidences of strong tectonic and earthquake activities of the Tanlu Fault zone. Science China: Earth Science, 46(1): 79-96]
[18] 田洪水,祝介旺,王华林,张增奇,张邦花,张慎河. 2017. 沂沭断裂带及其近区地震事件地层的时空分布及意义. 古地理学报, 19(3): 393-417.
[Tian H S,Zhu J W,Wang H L,Zhang Z Q,Zhang B H,Zhang S H.2017. Spatio-temporal distribution and significance of seismic event horizons in the Yishu Fault Zone and its adjacent area. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 19(3): 393-417]
[19] 田洪水,王华林,祝介旺,张慎河. 2018. 胶州上白垩统史家屯段中地震产生的震火山岩及软沉积物触变变形. 地震地质, 40(2): 1-16.
[Tian H S,Wang H L,Zhu J W,Zhang S H.2018. Earthquake caused seimic volcanic rocks and thixotropic deformations of soft sediments in the Upper Cretaceous Shijiatun Member,Jiao Zhou City. Seismology and Geology, 40(2): 1-16]
[20] 许志琴,王宗秀,候立玮. 1991. 松潘—甘孜造山带构造研究新进展. 中国地质,18(12): 14-16.
[Xu Z Q,Wang Z X,Hou L W.1991. Recent Advances in Structural Research of Songpan-Ganzi Orogenic Belt. Chinese Geology,18(12): 14-16]
[21] 张先伟,孔令伟,李峻,杨爱武. 2014. 黏土触变过程中强度恢复的微观机理. 岩土工程学报, 36(8): 1407-1413.
[Zhang X W,Kong L W,Li J,Yang A W.2014. Microscopic mechanism of strength recovery in clay thixotropic process. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 36(8): 1407-1413]
[22] 赵澄林,李儒峰,周劲松. 1997. 华北中新元古界油气地质与沉积学. 北京: 地质出版社.
[Zhao C L,Li R F,Zhou J S.1997. Petroleum Geology and Sedimentology of Proterozoic in the Neogene,North China. Beijing: Geological Publishing House]
[23] 郑勇,李海兵,王焕,张蕾,李成龙. 2018. 印支期龙门山断裂带的逆冲-推覆构造和沉积响应. 地质论评, 64(1): 45-61.
[Zheng Y,Li H B,Wang H,Zhang L,Li C L.2018. Indosinian Thrust-Nappe Structure and Its Sedimentary Response in the Longmen Mts. Thrust Belt. Geological Review, 64(1): 45-61]
[24] Bowman D,Korjenkov A,Porat N.2004. Late-Pleistocene seismites from Lake Issyk-Kul,the Tien Shan range,Kyrghyzstan. Sedimentary Geology, 163(3): 211-228.
[25] Basilone L.2017. Seismogenic rotational slumps and translational glides in pelagic deep-water carbonates. Upper Tithonian-Berriasian of Southern Tethyan margin(W Sicily,Italy). Sedimentary Geology, 356: 1-14.
[26] Garcia-Tortosa F J,Alfaro P,Gibert L,Scott G.2011. Seismically induced slump on an extremely gentle slope(<1°)of the Pleistocene Tecopa paleolake(California). Geology, 39(11): 1055-1058.
[27] He B Z,Qiao X F.2015. Advances and overview of the study on paleo-earthquake events: A review of seismites. Acta Geologica Sinica-English Edition, 89(5): 1702-1746.
[28] Liang L J,Dai F C,Jiang H C,Zhong N.2018. A preliminary study on the soft-sediment deformation structures in the late Quaternary lacustrine sediments at Tashkorgan,northeastern Pamir,China. Acta Geologica Sinica,In press.
[29] Montenat C,Barrier P,Ott d'Estevou P, Hibsch C.2007. Seismites: An attempt at critical analysis and classification. Sedimentary Geology, 196(1): 5-30.
[30] Rossetti D F,Bezerra F H R,Góes A M,Neves B B B.2011. Sediment deformation in Miocene and post-Miocene strata,Northeastern Brazil: Evidence for paleoseismicity in a passive margin. Sedimentary Geology, 235(3): 172-187.
[31] Su D C,Qiao X F,Sun A P,Li H B,Somerville I D.2014. Large earthquake-triggered liquefaction mounds and a carbonate sand volcano in the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation,Beijing,North China. Geological Journal, 49(1): 69-89.
[32] Su D C,Sun A P.2012. Typical earthquake-induced soft-sediment deformation structures in the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation,Yongding River Valley,Beijing,China and interpreted earthquake frequency. Journal of Palaeogeography, 1(1): 71-89.
[33] Tian H S,Zhang Z Q,Zhang B H,Zhu J W,Sang Z X.2013. Tectonic taphrogenesis and paleoseismic records from the Yishu fault zone in the initial stage of the Caledonian Movement Acta Geologica Sinica-English Edition, 87(4): 936-947.
[34] Tian H S,Zhang S H,Zhang A S.2016. Test investigation on liquefied deformation structure in saturated lime-mud composites triggered by strong earthquakes. Acta Geologica Sinica-English Edition, 90(6): 2008-2021.
[35] Zhai M G.2015. The research directions and ideas of material evolution of continental dynamics. Journal of Earth Sciences & Environment,37(4): 1-14.

选择文件类型/文献管理软件名称

选择包含的内容

黏性沉积物中的古地震触变流动变形^*

Thixotropic deformation features of cohesive sediments triggered by palaeoearthquakes

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	施振生, 张亚雄, 曾番惠, 周天琪, 郭伟, 黄浩勇. 海相细粒陆源碎屑岩主要沉积构造类型及页岩气意义^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2025, 27(1): 32-54.
[2]	尚俊鑫, 冯明友, 夏茂龙, 张本健, 王兴志, 贾松, 李勇, 曾乙洋, 韦明洋. 川北震旦系灯影组软沉积物变形构造及成因分析[J]. 古地理学报, 2025, 27(1): 72-84.
[3]	王振涛, 李现根. 河南嵩山地区新元古界何家寨组微亮晶(臼齿)碳酸盐岩成因新认识^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2020, 22(1): 56-74.
[4]	邵珠福, 刘泽璇, 钟建华, John Howell, 栾锡武, 冉伟民, 刘晶晶, 张文鑫, 赵冰. 2018年5月28日中国吉林松原M5.7级地震引起的液化构造^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2020, 22(1): 75-96.
[5]	周瑶琪, 周腾飞, 张振凯, 梁钊, 梁文栋, 王安东, 于姗姗. 山东省灵山岛下白垩统青山群火山地震软沉积物变形构造特征及成因机制^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2017, 19(4): 567-582.
[6]	杜远生, 余文超. 地震和非地震引发的软沉积物变形^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2017, 19(1): 65-72.
[7]	山穆玕著, 冯增昭, 刘敏译. 地震岩问题[J]. 古地理学报, 2017, 19(1): 19-46.
[8]	冯增昭. 《地震岩问题》中译本序[J]. 古地理学报, 2017, 19(1): 13-17.
[9]	冯增昭, 鲍志东, 郑秀娟, 王媛. 中国软沉积物变形构造及地震岩研究简评^①[J]. 古地理学报, 2017, 19(1): 7-12.
[10]	冯增昭. 一次成功的专题研讨会:“多成因的软沉积物变形构造及地震岩”[J]. 古地理学报, 2017, 19(1): 1-6.
[11]	钟建华,倪良田,郝兵, 孙宁亮, 刘闯, 罗可, 陈彬, 刘圣鑫, 邵珠福. 鄂尔多斯盆地下白垩统大型类碟状构造的发现及其地质意义^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2017, 19(1): 73-88.
[12]	鄢继华, 焦玉玺, 陈世悦, 邓远, 蒲秀刚. 沧东凹陷始新统孔店组二段深水细粒沉积岩中的软沉积物变形构造^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2017, 19(1): 89-98.
[13]	张邦花, 田洪水, A.J.vanLoon. 新元古代沂沭海峡地震引发的软沉积物变形及其微量元素信息^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2017, 19(1): 99-116.
[14]	杨文涛, 王敏. 河南南召盆地上三叠统太山庙组软沉积物变形构造及其古地理意义^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2017, 19(1): 117-128.
[15]	朱萌, 李德威, 李书, 刘德民, 罗文行. 柴达木盆地西南缘更新世地震事件层年龄测定及意义[J]. 古地理学报, 2017, 19(1): 129-138.

模态框（Modal）标题

选择文件类型/文献管理软件名称

选择包含的内容

黏性沉积物中的古地震触变流动变形*

Thixotropic deformation features of cohesive sediments triggered by palaeoearthquakes

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

黏性沉积物中的古地震触变流动变形^*