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古地理学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (2): 245-262. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2018.02.018

• 岩相古地理学及沉积学 • 上一篇    下一篇

古地理环境对火山喷发样式的影响:以准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷东部下二叠统风城组为例*

何衍鑫1, 鲜本忠1, 2, 牛花朋1, 2, 刘建平1   

  1. 1 中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院,北京 102249;
    2 中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与探测国家重点实验室,北京 102249
  • 收稿日期:2017-05-30 修回日期:2017-10-08 出版日期:2018-04-01 发布日期:2018-04-02
  • 通讯作者: 鲜本忠,男,1973年生,博士,副教授,主要从事火山岩储集层和重力流等研究工作。E-mail: xianbzh@163.com。
  • 作者简介:何衍鑫,男,1993年生,中国石油大学(北京)硕士研究生,主要从事火山岩储集层研究。E-mail: Heyx1993@126.com。
  • 基金资助:
    *国家自然科学基金项目(编号: 41172104,41372117,41272133)、国家科技重大专项(编号: 2011ZX05009-002,2011ZX05014-001)和中国石油大学(北京)科研基金资助项目(编号: KYJJ2012-01-06)联合资助

Effects of palaeogeographic environment on volcano eruption style: Example from the Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation in eastern Mahu sag,Junggar Basin

He Yan-Xin1, Xian Ben-Zhong1, 2, Niu Hua-Peng1, 2, Liu Jian-Ping1   

  1. 1 College of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249;
    2 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249;
  • Received:2017-05-30 Revised:2017-10-08 Online:2018-04-01 Published:2018-04-02
  • Contact: Xian Ben-Zhong,born in 1973,is an associate professor of China University of Petroleum(Beijing). He is mainly engaged in researches on volcanic reservoir and gravity flow. E-mail: xianbzh@cup.edu.cn.
  • About author:He Yan-Xin,born in 1993,is a master candidate of China University of Petroleum(Beijing). He is mainly engaged in research on volcanic reservoir. E-mail: Heyx1993@126.com.About the corresponding author Xian Ben-Zhong,born in 1973,is an associate professor of China University of Petroleum(Beijing). He is mainly engaged in researches on volcanic reservoir and gravity flow. E-mail: xianbzh@cup.edu.cn.
  • Supported by:
    [Co-funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41172104,41372117,41272133),the National Science and Technology Major Project(Nos. 2011ZX05009-002,2011ZX05014-001)and the Foundation of China University of Petroleum(Beijing)(No. KYJJ2012-01-06)]

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摘要： 自然界中,火山的喷发样式常因岩浆或周围环境的变化而发生转换。为了探索沉积盆地古地理环境对古代火山喷发样式的可能影响,文中利用地震、钻测井及岩心资料,厘定准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷东部下二叠统风城组古地理环境及火山岩的分布;利用岩心和薄片观察、扫描电镜、元素地球化学、电子探针等技术,对取心段火山岩岩石类型、岩石组合和地球化学特征开展了研究。结果表明:(1)取心段火山岩发育4种岩石类型和3种岩石组合,射气岩浆喷发和岩浆喷发2种火山喷发样式类型;(2)射气岩浆喷发以发育熔积岩,具面包皮结构、熔结结构、熔结珍珠结构的熔结凝灰岩和增生火山砾为特征,而岩浆喷发以胶结增生火山砾而形成含增生火山砾熔岩为特征;(3)火山口古地理环境的演化控制着火山喷发样式的类型及其转换,进而影响喷发产物的特征:古地理环境为水下环境时,足量的水和上升的高温岩浆相互作用发生射气岩浆喷发;古地理环境变为陆上时,岩浆发生溢流式岩浆喷发。取心段古地理环境变化的主要原因可能是喷发产物在火山口附近的堆积或季节性气候变化引起的湖平面变化;(4)古地理环境对古代火山喷发的样式类型、喷发过程、喷发产物特征具有重要影响,这可以为盆地中火山岩成因分析和喷发过程重建提供新的视角,为火山岩油气藏的精细勘探开发提供新的思路。

关键词: 喷发样式, 古地理环境, 射气岩浆喷发, 风城组, 玛湖凹陷, 准噶尔盆地

Abstract: The eruption style transition of modern volcanoes often occurred,due to the changes of magma or ambient environment in nature. This paper tries to explore the probable influences of palaeogeographic environment on volcano eruption style in the sedimentary basin. Based on data from seismic,drilling,logging and core,the palaeogeographic environment and distribution of volcanic rocks in the Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation in eastern Mahu sag,Junggar Basin,were analyzed. The petrological and geochemical characteristics of cored volcanic rocks were studied by core observation,thin section observation,SEM(scanning electron microscope),major element analysis and EPMA(electron probe microanalysis). The results showed that:(1)There are mainly four types of volcanic rock and three types of lithological association. Two kinds of eruption style,phreatomagmatic eruption and magmatic eruption,are recognized. (2)In detail,phreatomagmatic eruption is characterized by peperite,accretionary lapilli and welded tuff developed with bread-crusted texture,welded texture and welded perlitic texture. While,magmatic eruption is characterized by accretionary lapilli-bearing lava caused by the cementation of earlier accretionary lapilli. (3)The evolution of palaeogeographic environment near vent controlled the eruption style,which then influenced the characteristics of eruptive products. Phreatomagmatic eruption caused by magma and enough water interaction occurred when palaeogeographic environment was subaqueous. Effusive magmatic eruption happened when palaeogeographic environment was subaerial. The major reason of palaeogeographic environment changes probably were related to the accumulation of eruptive products near vent or lake level changes caused by seasonal weather change in the core intervals. (4)Therefore palaeogeographic environment had significant influences on eruption style,eruptive process and features of eruptive products. That could provide a new viewpoint for genetic analysis of volcanic rocks and eruptive process rebuilding,and also provide a new idea for exploration and development of volcanic petroleum reservoirs.

Key words: eruption style, palaeogeographic environment, phreatomagmatic eruption, Fengcheng Formation, Mahu sag, Junggar Basin

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