摘要：

中国西北地区的盆山地形和该地区地壳结构具有明显的一致性，反映了现代盆山构造的一个重要特征。文中讨论了中国西北盆山区在中—新生代不同时期的古地理面貌和它们的发展演化过程。本区在中—新生代不同时期具有不同的古地理面貌，而且随着地壳上地幔的构造演化而不断发展，盆山构造的形成受到了地壳活动和演化的控制。一般来说，中国西北的主要山系是古生代或早中生代的造山带，但它们形成现在这样巨大的山系主要发生在晚新生代。如天山山脉的构造演化，三叠纪天山曾经一度隆起成山，两侧的准噶尔和塔里木盆地中堆积了巨厚的磨拉石；侏罗纪时由于剥蚀夷平成为一个准平原，形成了广泛分布且可以对比的含煤岩系；从白垩纪到早新生代，它再度隆升，直至第四纪时形成雄伟的高大山系，两侧形成相应的大型沉积盆地。其他一些山脉，如祁连山和昆仑山，也具有类似的发展演化过程。最后，控制这一过程的根本原因则是地壳、甚至整个岩石圈的构造发展演化。

Abstract:

The obvious conformability of basinmountain topography with the crustal structure in northwestern China is an important characteristic of current basinmountain tectonicsIn this paper，we discuss the palaeogeographical appearances and the process of the development and evolutionin different periods of the MesoCenozoic in basinmountain area in northwestern ChinaBased on their evolutionary process since the Mesozoic，we know that，there were different palaeogeographical features in different periods of the MesoCenozoic，and they continuously developed with the tectonic evolution of the crust and the upper mantleThe basinmountain tectonics was controlled by the activities and evolution of crustUsually，the main mountains in northwestern China are thePaleozoic or the Early Mesozoic orogenic zones，but the formation of such huge mountains happened in the Late CenozoicThe tectonic evolution history of Tianshan is an exampleIn the Triassic，it was once uplifted to form the mountains with thick molasse accumulation on both its sides，Junggar and Tarim BasinsThen it became a peneplain by the exposion and deplanation in the Jurassic，forming the widespread coalbearing strata which can be correlatedFrom the Cretaceous to the Early Cenozoic，it was uplifted again，until the Quaternary to build huge mountains with two large sedimentary basins on both sidesThere were similar development and evolution histories for other mountains in northwestern China，such as Qilian and Kunlun mountainsAt last，the basic factor controlling the process is the tectonic evolution of the crust，even of the whole lithosphere in this region