Provenance and palaeogeographic response of the Early Cambrian in northern and northwestern Sichuan Basin

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2026.119

Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition） ›› 2026, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (3): 934-948. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2026.119

• SPECIAL TOPIC ON THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF PROFESSOR FENG ZENGZHAO • Previous Articles Next Articles

Provenance and palaeogeographic response of the Early Cambrian in northern and northwestern Sichuan Basin

SHI Xuewen¹^,³(), WEI Mingyang¹^,²(), WANG Xingzhi¹^,²(), ZHU Yiqing³, LI Yong³, ZHANG Chi³, LIU Yixing¹^,², ZHANG Yongyi¹^,², HOU Haili¹^,²

¹ School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
² State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
³ Southwest Oil and Gasfield Company, PetroChina, Chengdu 610051, China

Received:2026-02-21 Revised:2026-04-28 Online:2026-06-01 Published:2026-06-05
Contact: WEI Mingyang,born in 1991,is a Ph.D. and assistant researcher. He is mainly engaged in the research of sedimentology and palaeogeography. E-mail: mingyang-wei@swpu.edu.cn. WANG Xingzhi,born in 1964,is a Ph.D. and professor. He is mainly engaged in teaching and research in reservoir sedimentology. E-mail: wxzswpu@163.com.
About author:
SHI Xuewen,born in 1982,is a master and senior engineer. He is mainly engaged in the research of shale oil and gas exploration and development. E-mail: shixuewen@petrochina.com.cn.
Supported by:
Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province,China(24NSFSC0093); National Natural Science Foundation of China(42502154)

川北及川西北地区早寒武世物源及古地理响应^*

石学文¹^,³(), 韦明洋¹^,²(), 王兴志¹^,²(), 朱逸青³, 李勇³, 张驰³, 刘一星¹^,², 张咏仪¹^,², 侯海莉¹^,²

¹ 西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院, 四川成都 610500
² 油气藏地质与开发全国重点实验室, 西南石油大学, 四川成都 610500
³ 中国石油西南油气田分公司, 四川成都 610051

通讯作者: 韦明洋,男,1991年生,博士,助理研究员,主要从事沉积及古地理学方面的教学与研究工作。E-mail: mingyang-wei@swpu.edu.cn。王兴志,男,1964年生,博士,教授,主要从事储层沉积学等方面的教学与研究工作。E-mail: wxzswpu@163.com。
作者简介:
石学文,男,1982年生,高级工程师,硕士,主要从事页岩油气勘探开发方面的研究工作。E-mail: shixuewen@petrochina.com.cn。
谨以此文纪念冯增昭先生诞辰100周年。
基金资助:
*四川省自然科学基金重点项目(24NSFSC0093); 国家自然科学基金项目(42502154)

Abstract

Abstract:

The Early Cambrian sedimentary successions in northern and northwestern Sichuan Basin record critical information on the differential evolution of multiple provenance systems along the northwestern margin of the Yangtze Block. This study focuses on Lower Cambrian outcrop sections in the Guangyuan-Beichuan area(northwestern Sichuan)and the Nanjiang-Wangcang area(northern Sichuan). Through integrated sedimentological analyses including heavy mineral identification,lithic fragment composition statistics,cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging of detrital zircons,and palaeocurrent measurements,a systematic provenance tracing and palaeogeographic reconstruction were conducted. The results indicate that: (1)Three major source areas existed during the Early Cambrian in the study area—the Motianling,Pengguan,and Hannan provenances—which differ significantly in formation age,tectonic affinity,and parent rock lithology.(2)In northwestern Sichuan Basin,controlled by Palaeo-Tethyan subduction,the Motianling provenance continuously supplied felsic igneous and siliceous rock detritus,whereas the Pengguan provenance first emerged as a submarine high during the second member of the Qiongzhusi Formation and evolved into an exposed volcanic island arc by the Canglangpu stage,predominantly supplying mafic igneous(basaltic)detritus.(3)In northern Sichuan Basin,influenced by the Proto-Qinling Ocean,the Hannan provenance exhibited episodic evolution: during deposition of the Qiongzhusi Formation through the first member of the Canglangpu Formation(Xianfengdong Formation),it remained submerged and oolitic limestones developed in the northern Sichuan area;during the second member of the Canglangpu Formation(Yanwangbian Formation),it became subaerially exposed,forming alluvial fan-fan delta coarse clastic deposits.(4)By the late Canglangpu stage,all three source areas were exposed simultaneously,resulting in a palaeogeographic differentiation pattern characterized by sustained clastic infilling in northwestern Sichuan and a tripartite sedimentary response in northern Sichuan. This study provides new sedimentological evidence for multi-plate interactions along the northwestern margin of the Yangtze Block during the Early Cambrian.

Key words: provenance analysis, palaeogeographic response, Early Cambrian, northern and northwestern Sichuan Basin

摘要：

川北及川西北地区早寒武世沉积记录了扬子板块北西缘多物源体系差异演化的关键信息。以川西北广元—北川和川北南江—旺苍地区下寒武统露头剖面为研究对象,综合运用重矿物鉴定、岩屑成分统计、锆石阴极发光(CL)图像及古水流测量等沉积学分析,系统开展了该时期物源示踪与古地理重建。结果表明: (1)研究区早寒武世存在摩天岭、彭灌、汉南3大物源区,三者在形成时间、构造属性及母岩性质上显著不同; (2)川西北地区受古特提斯洋俯冲控制,摩天岭物源区主要持续提供酸性岩浆岩及硅质岩碎屑,彭灌物源区于筇二段沉积期始现水下隆起,至沧浪铺期演化为暴露的火山岛弧,主要提供基性岩浆岩(玄武岩)碎屑; (3)川北地区受古秦岭洋活动影响,汉南物源区呈阶段性演化,筇竹寺组—沧一段(仙女洞组)沉积期被淹没,川北发育鲕粒灰岩,沧二段(阎王碥组)暴露供源,形成冲积扇—扇三角洲粗碎屑沉积; (4)沧浪铺晚期3大物源区全部暴露,同时供源,形成川西北持续碎屑充填与川北三段式沉积响应的古地理分异格局。本研究为扬子北西缘早寒武世多板块相互作用提供了新的沉积学证据。

关键词: 物源分析, 古地理响应, 早寒武世, 川北及川西北地区

CLC Number:

P534.41

SHI Xuewen, WEI Mingyang, WANG Xingzhi, ZHU Yiqing, LI Yong, ZHANG Chi, LIU Yixing, ZHANG Yongyi, HOU Haili. Provenance and palaeogeographic response of the Early Cambrian in northern and northwestern Sichuan Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition）, 2026, 28(3): 934-948.

石学文, 韦明洋, 王兴志, 朱逸青, 李勇, 张驰, 刘一星, 张咏仪, 侯海莉. 川北及川西北地区早寒武世物源及古地理响应^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2026, 28(3): 934-948.

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Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1 Geological sketch map and tectonic division location map of the northern and northwestern Sichuan Basin

Fig.2 Heavy mineral statistical of the Cambrian Canglangpu Formation in northern and northwestern Sichuan Basin

Fig.3 Microscopic characteristics of typical lithic fragment types of the Cambrian Canglangpu Formation in northern and northwestern Sichuan Basin

Fig.4 Cathodoluminescence images of zircons from the Cambrian Canglangpu Formation in northern and northwestern Sichuan Basin

Fig.5 Typical sedimentary structures of the Cambrian Canglangpu Formation in northern and northwestern Sichuan Basin

Fig.6 Rose diagram of palaeocurrent directions of the Cambrian Canglangpu Formation in northern and northwestern Sichuan Basin

Table 2 Sedimentary facies division scheme for northern and northwestern Sichuan Basin

沉积相		主要岩石类型	识别标志	典型剖面、钻井,及其层位
冲积扇		砾岩、砂质砾岩	砾石杂乱堆积,磨圆分选差,局部叠瓦状构造	三堆剖面(沧浪铺组)
滨岸		粉砂岩、细砂岩	板状及槽状交错层理、浪成波痕、生物扰动	陈家坝剖面(沧浪铺组)
扇三角洲		含砾砂岩、岩屑砂岩、砾岩	粒序层理、冲刷面、槽状交错层理、叠瓦状砾石	磨刀垭剖面(沧浪铺组),双汇剖面(沧二段)
陆棚	浅水陆棚	粉砂岩、泥岩、页岩	水平层理、波状层理、小型交错层理,砂泥互层	葛底坝、陈家坝、杨坝剖面(筇竹寺组)
陆棚	深水陆棚	泥页岩、硅质泥岩	水平层理,黄铁矿发育,碳质含量高	陈家坝剖面(筇竹寺组下部)
碳酸盐岩台地		鲕粒灰岩、生屑灰岩	块状层理、交错层理,鲕粒发育	杨坝、双汇剖面(沧一段/仙女洞组)

Fig.7 Sedimentary facies correlation cross-section of the Lower Cambrian at typical field outcrops in northern and northwestern Sichuan Basin

Fig.8 Sedimentary palaeogeography and provenance distribution of the Early Cambrian in northern and northwestern Sichuan Basin

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