Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition） ›› 2026, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (4): 1242-1256. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2026.095

• SPECIAL TOPIC ON THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF PROFESSOR FENG ZENGZHAO • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Xisha Shidao karst: the woes and restoration protection of three top ecological landscapes

XU Hong1,2,3(), LI Qi4, MA Wenxu5, DONG Shuyi6, CHEN Gang7, WU Chaodong8, ZHANG Weiwei2,9, MA Pengfei2,10, MA Yazeng2,10, WANG Qin1,3, NA Qin2,9, TAO Meng2,9, WANG Ying2,6, WANG Yuze9, SHEN Jiangyuan1,3, MA Xiao2,11, MEI Junpeng12(), SU Dapeng3()   

  1. 1 School of Geosciences, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
    2 First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shandong Qingdao 266061, China
    3 Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Shandong Qingdao 266071, China
    4 School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
    5 Research Center for Quality Supervision and Inspection of Building Materials Industry, Beijing 100024, China
    6 College of Earth and Planet Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
    7 College of Marine Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences(Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
    8 School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
    9 School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum(East China), Shandong Qingdao 266580, China
    10 School of Geosciences and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Shandong Qingdao 266590, China
    11 Exploration and Development Research Institute, Sinopec Shanghai Oil & Gas Branch, Shanghai 200120, China
    12 School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
  • Received:2026-02-03 Revised:2026-03-09 Online:2026-08-01 Published:2026-08-14
  • Contact: SU Dapeng,born in 1977, is a Ph.D. and associate research fellow. He specializes in marine geology,offshore oil and gas exploration,and genetic studies of reef-carbonate systems. E-mail: wlmz_008@sina.com.
    MEI Junpeng,born in 1986, is a Ph.D. and associate professor. He specializes in materials science and civil engineering materials. E-mail: meijunpeng2006@126.com.
  • About author:

    XU Hong,born in 1957, is a Ph.D. and research fellow. He specializes in marine geology,petroleum geology,and genetic studies of reef systems. E-mail: .

  • Supported by:
    Co-funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41872114); Key Research and Development Program of China(2017FY201407); Sub-Project of the National Major Project for Oil and Gas(2011ZX05025-002-04); Sub-Project of the National Key Basic Research Program of China(2012CB956004); “Shidao Laolongtou Restoration and Protection Implementation Plan” Project of Sansha Municipal Government

西沙石岛岩溶: 三大顶级生态景观之殇与修复保护*

许红1,2,3(), 李琦4, 马文旭5, 董树义6, 陈刚7, 吴朝东8, 张威威2,9, 马鹏飞2,10, 马亚增2,10, 王勤1,3, 纳琴2,9, 陶萌2,9, 王英2,6, 王宇泽9, 沈江远1,3, 马骁2,11, 梅军鹏12(), 苏大鹏3()   

  1. 1 长江大学地球科学学院, 湖北武汉 430100
    2 自然资源部第一海洋研究所, 山东青岛 266061
    3 中国地质调查局青岛海洋地质研究所, 山东青岛 266071
    4 中国地质大学(北京)海洋学院, 北京 100083
    5 建筑材料工业技术监督研究中心, 北京 100024
    6 成都理工大学地球与行星科学学院, 四川成都 610059
    7 中国地质大学(武汉)海洋学院, 湖北武汉 430074
    8 北京大学地球与空间科学学院, 北京 100871
    9 中国石油大学(华东)地球科学学院, 山东青岛 266580
    10 山东科技大学地质科学与工程学院, 山东青岛 266590
    11 中国石化集团上海海洋油气分公司勘探开发研究院, 上海 200120
    12 武汉科技大学城市建设学院, 湖北武汉 430065
  • 通讯作者: 苏大鹏,1977年生,副研究员,专职从事海洋地质、海洋油气和生物礁—碳酸盐岩成因研究。E-mail: wlmz_008@sina.com。
    梅军鹏,1986年生,博士,副教授,专职从事材料科学、土木工程材料研究。E-mail: meijunpeng2006@126.com。
  • 作者简介:

    许红,1957年生,研究员,博士,专职从事海洋地质、油气地质和生物礁成因研究。E-mail: 。

    谨以此文纪念冯增昭先生100周年诞辰。

  • 基金资助:
    *国家自然科学基金项目(41872114); 国家重点研发计划项目课题(2017FY201407); 国家油气重大专项子课题(2011ZX05025-002-04); 国家重点基础研究发展计划项目子课题(2012CB956004); 三沙市政府项目“石岛老龙头修复保护实施方案”联合资助

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Abstract:

Shidao is the highest-altitude island in the South China Sea and a severely karst-affected area with weakly consolidated high beachrocks. It is also a challenging region for ecological protection and restoration engineering. This paper reports the findings of over a decade of field investigations,highlighting the Old Dragon Head(Laolongtou),Root Pipe Stone,and Wedge-shaped Prograding Stratification as the three top ecological landscapes and precious geological heritage resources in the Xisha Islands. The Laolongtou is the only naturally formed dragon-shaped stone in the world and a symbol of the military and civilian population’s dragon totem in the Xisha Islands. However,the rapid and destructive evolution of karstification caused by seven natural forces,including wave erosion,tidal erosion,wind erosion,high temperature,high humidity,high salinity,and freshwater leaching,as well as human activities,is alarming. Although this is an inevitable natural process,it is a tragedy for the top ecological landscapes. This paper briefly describes the characteristics of the seven natural forces of karstification and proposes the use of iron-aluminate cement-based materials with low alkalinity(pH value is 10~11),resistance to seawater corrosion,and increasing strength upon immersion(corrosion resistance coefficient>1),along with unique engineering techniques,to achieve the goal of external toughening and in-situ strengthening of the rock mass,ensuring the sustainable inheritance of the Laolongtou.

Key words: Xisha Islands, Shidao, Laolongtou, Root Canal Stone, wedge-shaped pre-sedimentary layering large section, top ecological landscapes, carbonate rock karst, iron-aluminum silicate cement-based nano-materials

摘要：

石岛是南海海拔最高的海岛,也是南海现代海洋海岛弱固结高位海滩岩型岩溶重灾区,同时也是生态环境保护和修复工程技术的难点地区。文中报道了逾十年实地调查的发现,指出老龙头、根管石和楔形前积层理大剖面是西沙群岛三大顶级生态景观和珍贵地质遗迹资源。老龙头是全球唯一自然成因龙形石,也是西沙军民的龙图腾。但是,浪蚀、涛蚀、风蚀、高温、高湿、高盐和淡水淋滤溶蚀7种自然力与人类活动导致岩溶毁灭性快速演进,令人触目惊心!虽为不可抗拒之自然进程,却是顶级生态景观之殇。简要阐述了7种岩溶自然力特征,利用铁铝酸盐水泥基材料及其低碱度(pH值为10~11)、抗海水腐蚀、强度越泡越高(抗蚀系数>1)等性能特征,加上独特工程工艺技术实施修复,或可实现老龙头外部增韧、岩体内部原位增强,达到永续传承的修复目标。

关键词: 西沙群岛, 石岛, 老龙头, 根管石, 楔形前积层理大剖面, 顶级生态景观, 碳酸盐岩岩溶, 铁铝酸盐水泥基纳米材料

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