Tectonic-sedimentary co-evolution mechanism of volcanic-rich faulted basin: a case study of the Lower Cretaceous in Chagan sag,Yin’e Basin

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2026.074

Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition） ›› 2026, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (4): 1390-1410. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2026.074

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Tectonic-sedimentary co-evolution mechanism of volcanic-rich faulted basin: a case study of the Lower Cretaceous in Chagan sag,Yin’e Basin

WANG Bin¹^,²(), FU Mao¹^,², SHAN Shuaiqiang¹^,², WANG Debo³, CHEN Sirui¹^,², WAN Jing³, YANG Yabo¹^,², ZHOU Jiangyu⁴

¹ Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology, SINOPEC, Jiangsu Wuxi 214126, China
² State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Accumulation Mechanisms, SINOPEC, Jiangsu Wuxi 214126, China
³ Exploration and Development Research Institute, SINOPEC Zhongyuan Oilfield Company, Henan Puyang 457000, China
⁴ Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 438300, China

Received:2025-09-21 Revised:2025-10-09 Online:2026-08-01 Published:2026-08-14
About author:
WANG Bin,born in 1981,is a Ph.D. and Senior Engineer. He is mainly engaged in sedimentary reservoirs and petroleum accumulation. E-mail: wangbin.syky@sinopec.com.
Supported by:
Scientific and Technological Project of Sinopec “Differential Tectonic Evolution and Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Key Areas of the Yin’e Basin”(P23228)

富火山型断陷盆地构造-沉积协同演化机制: 以银额盆地查干凹陷下白垩统为例^*

王斌¹^,²(), 傅锚¹^,², 单帅强¹^,², 王德波³, 陈思芮¹^,², 万晶³, 杨亚波¹^,², 周江羽⁴

¹ 中国石化石油勘探开发研究院, 无锡石油地质研究所, 江苏无锡 214126
² 中国石化油气成藏重点实验室, 江苏无锡 214126
³ 中国石化中原油田分公司勘探开发研究院, 河南濮阳 457000
⁴ 中国地质大学资源学院, 湖北武汉 438300

作者简介:
王斌,男,1981年生,博士,高级工程师,主要从事沉积储集层与油气成藏研究。E-mail: wangbin.syky@sinopec.com。
基金资助:
*中国石化科技攻关项目“银额盆地重点地区构造演化差异与油气差异富集”(P23228)

Abstract

Abstract:

Tectonic-sedimentary co-evolution in continental faulted lacustrine basins controls the development of source-reservoir systems and the processes of hydrocarbon accumulation and enrichment. Through meticulous analysis of core samples,drilling and logging data,and interpretation of high-resolution 3D seismic data,this study clarifies the sedimentary system characteristics and facies distribution patterns in the Chagan sag during the rift stage,revealing the co-evolution mechanism between tectonic activities and sediment filling. The research identifies two third-order sequences within the rift stage: (1)During the initial rifting phase(SQ1),the NE-trending Maoxi Fault and NW-trending Tula’ge Fault evolved from segmented activation to radial linkage,creating a highly compartmentalized rift framework. This structural pattern controlled the development of proximal,short-axis alluvial fan-fan delta systems,while intense fault displacement combined with warm-humid climates promoted the formation of semi-deep to deep lacustrine facies.(2)In the intensive rifting phase(SQ2),the NE-trending basin-controlling fault system dominated the sedimentary framework: volcanic activity during the first sub-member of the Suhongtu Formation occupied accommodation space,leading to widespread shallow lacustrine facies,while intra-rift volcanic topography fragmented braided river delta sand bodies. During the second sub-member,rapid volcanic accumulation outpaced subsidence,causing source depletion along the northern Maoxi Fault and southern Hule Fault segments,and redirecting sediment supply from the west to the northwest along the northern Hule Fault,thereby altering sandbody filling patterns. Coupling between high-displacement faults and humid climates during SQ1 controlled the development of major source rocks. Volcano-tectonic interactions during SQ2 modified sedimentary paleotopography,regulating reservoir sandbody distribution(e.g.,volcanic barriers fragmenting sand bodies;rapid accumulation triggering source system migration). Volcanic interlayers with stratified vesicles form effective reservoirs when connected to deep hydrocarbon sources via fault systems. The tectono-sedimentary synergistic evolution model established in this paper can provide guidance for reservoir prediction and exploration deployment in the study area,and also offer an analog model for the analysis of fault-depression basins with similar geological settings.

Key words: sedimentary system, tectonic-sedimentary co-evolution, volcanic-rich rift, Lower Getaceous, Chagan sag, Yin’e Basin

摘要：

陆相断陷湖盆构造-沉积协同演化控制了盆内源-储发育与油气成藏富集过程。本研究基于岩心、钻测井分析和高分辨率三维地震资料精细解释,明确了银额盆地查干凹陷断陷期多因素控制下的沉积体系与沉积相展布特征,揭示了断陷期构造活动与沉积物充填的协同演化机制。研究表明,银额盆地发育初始断陷期(SQ1)和强烈断陷期(SQ2)2个三级层序: (1)初始断陷期北东向毛西断层与北西向图拉格断层通过分段活化向放射状联结演化,形成高分隔性断陷格局,控制近端短轴向冲积扇—扇三角洲沉积体系发育,高位移量断裂活化与温暖湿润气候促进半深湖—深湖相沉积体系形成。(2)强烈断陷期北东向控陷断裂系主导沉积格局: 苏一段火山活动占据可容空间,浅湖相发育,断陷内火山地形限制辫状河三角洲砂体分裂扩散; 苏二段火山堆积速率超越沉降速率,导致毛西断层北段、虎勒断层南段物源衰退,虎勒断层北段物源由西向转为北西向,改变了砂体充填过程。初始断陷期高位移断裂与湿润气候耦合控制了查干凹陷主力烃源岩的发育与分布,强烈断陷期火山—构造协同作用改造沉积古地貌进而调控储集砂体分布,如火山地形阻碍砂体分裂扩散,快速火山堆积引发物源体系迁移/衰退等,此外多期次火山岩顶界面层状气孔带亦可形成有效的火山岩储集体,通过断裂活动沟通深部油源即可形成油气藏。本研究所建立的构造-沉积协同演化模式可为研究区储集层预测与勘探部署提供指导,也可为相似地质背景的断陷盆地分析提供类比模型。

关键词: 沉积体系, 构造-沉积协同演化, 富火山型断陷, 下白垩统, 查干凹陷, 银额盆地

CLC Number:

P512.2

WANG Bin, FU Mao, SHAN Shuaiqiang, WANG Debo, CHEN Sirui, WAN Jing, YANG Yabo, ZHOU Jiangyu. Tectonic-sedimentary co-evolution mechanism of volcanic-rich faulted basin: a case study of the Lower Cretaceous in Chagan sag,Yin’e Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition）, 2026, 28(4): 1390-1410.

王斌, 傅锚, 单帅强, 王德波, 陈思芮, 万晶, 杨亚波, 周江羽. 富火山型断陷盆地构造-沉积协同演化机制: 以银额盆地查干凹陷下白垩统为例^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2026, 28(4): 1390-1410.

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Figures/Tables 13

Fig.1 Structural outline map of Chagan sag in Yin’e Basin

Fig.2 Characteristics of geological structure and sequence stratigraphic framework in Chagan sag

Fig.3 Composite stratigraphic column of sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary facies of the Lower Cretaceous of Well M10 in Chagan sag

Fig.4 Restoration maps of sedimentary palaeogeomorphology of the Early Cretaceous in Chagan sag

Fig.5 Fault displacement and growth history during the Bayingebi and Suhongtu Formations deposition in Chagan sag

Fig.6 Lithofacies composite columnar diagram of the Lower Cretaceous core section of Well M10 in Chagan sag

Fig.7 Types and characteristics of typical seismic facies in Chagan sag

Fig.8 Types and characteristics of typical seismic facies in Chagan sag

Fig.9 Seismic and facies profile map of the near east-west AA' section in Chagan sag

Fig.10 Seismic facies-profile map of the near north-south section in Chagan sag

Fig.11 Plane distribution of neural network attribute classification and sedimentary facies of the Bayingebi Formation(SQ1)in Chagan sag

Fig.12 Plane distribution of neural network attribute classification and sedimentary facies of the Suhongtu Formation(SQ2)in Chagan sag

Fig.13 Tectonic-sedimentary evolutionary model of the Bayingebi and Suhongtu Formations in Chagan sag

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