Gravity flow deposits and their significance on exploration in the Chang 7 to Chang 9 members of Triassic Yanchang Formation in Wuqi area,Ordos Basin

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2026.066

Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition） ›› 2026, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (4): 1440-1460. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2026.066

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Gravity flow deposits and their significance on exploration in the Chang 7 to Chang 9 members of Triassic Yanchang Formation in Wuqi area,Ordos Basin

AIKERANMU·Wusimanjiang¹^,²(), ZHAO Jingzhou¹^,²(), GAO Zhendong³, WANG Shixiong¹^,², SUN Binghua³, MENG Xuangang³, YAN Xinzhi³, XUE Ning³

¹ School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
² Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Petroleum Accumulation Geology, Xi’an 710065, China
³ Yanchang Oilfield Co., Ltd., Shaanxi Yan’an 716000, China

Received:2025-08-07 Revised:2025-10-19 Online:2026-08-01 Published:2026-08-14
Contact: ZHAO Jingzhou,born in 1962,is a professor. He is focusing on hydrocarbon accumulation and unconventional petroleum geology. E-mail: jzzhao@xsyu.edu.cn.
About author:
AIKERANMU·Wusimanjiang,born in 2000,is a postgraduate student. He majors in geological resources and geological engineering. E-mail: 1943564374@qq.com.
Supported by:
National Science and Technology Project of China(2016ZX05050)

鄂尔多斯盆地吴起地区三叠系延长组长7—长9段重力流沉积及其勘探意义^*

艾克然木·吾斯曼江¹^,²(), 赵靖舟¹^,²(), 高振东³, 王世雄¹^,², 孙兵华³, 孟选刚³, 闫新智³, 薛宁³

¹ 西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院, 陕西西安 710065
² 陕西省油气成藏地质学重点实验室, 陕西西安 710065
³ 延长油田股份有限公司, 陕西延安 716000

通讯作者: 赵靖舟,男,1962年生,教授,主要从事油气成藏与非常规油气地质学研究。E-mail: jzzhao@xsyu.edu.cn。
作者简介:
艾克然木·吾斯曼江,男,2000年生,研究生,地质资源与地质工程专业。E-mail: 1943564374@qq.com。
基金资助:
*国家科技重大专项(2016ZX05050)

Abstract

Abstract:

While gravity flow deposits have been identified in the Chang 7 member of the Yanchang Formation in the Wuqi area,northern Shaanxi Province,Ordos Basin,no such deposits have been reported in the Chang 8 and Chang 9 members. This study aims to comprehensively reveal the presence,types,and controlling effects of gravity flow deposits in the Chang 7-Chang 9 members on reservoir properties and oil-bearing potential.Through centimeter-scale core observations,grain-size analysis,and well-log interpretation of the Chang 7-Chang 9 members in the Wuqi area,an integrated analysis was conducted to determine the genetic types and characteristics of gravity flow sandstones. Gravity flow deposits are widely distributed in the Chang 7-Chang 9 members of the Wuqi area,dominated by turbidity current deposits,followed by sandy debris flow deposits,with additional gravity-driven slide-slip deposits. Multi-parameter identification criteria for gravity flow deposits in the Chang 7-Chang 9 members have been established: (1)Core structures: slide-slump deposits exhibit deformed and convolute bedding;sandy debris flows show thick massive bedding and mudstone clasts;turbidites display stacked,incomplete Bouma sequences. (2)Grain-size characteristics: sandy debris flows typically show “short-tailed” bimodal distributions(>95% saltation sub-population,steep slope;<5% suspension sub-population,gentle slope). Turbidites generally exhibit unimodal distributions. (3)C-M diagrams: C-M values parallel the C=M baseline,consistent with gravity flow deposition. Comparative analysis of reservoir properties,oil saturation,and well testing results demonstrates that sandy debris flow deposits significantly outper form turbidites. The widespread distribution of gravity flow deposits in the Chang 7-Chang 9 members holds substantial exploration significance. Sandy debris flows should be prioritized as prospective targets for tight oil exploration in the lower petroleum assemblage of the Yanchang Formation,followed by turbidite deposits.

Key words: gravity flow deposits, sandy debris flow, turbidity current, sliding-slump, Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin

摘要：

鄂尔多斯盆地陕北吴起地区长7段重力流沉积已有发现,但长8、长9段尚未有重力流沉积的报道。本次研究旨在全面揭示吴起地区长7—长9段重力流沉积的存在及其类型和对储集层的物性与含油性的控制作用。基于吴起地区长7—长9段厘米级岩心观察分析、粒度资料及测井解释,综合解析研究区砂岩的重力流成因及其类型。吴起地区长7—长9段重力流沉积十分广泛,并以浊流沉积为主,其次为砂质碎屑流沉积,另有重力沉积物滑动—滑塌沉积。建立了长7—长9段重力流沉积的多参数识别标志: (1)岩心构造特征: 滑动—滑塌沉积以变形和包卷层理为主; 砂质碎屑流沉积发育厚层块状层理及泥岩撕裂屑; 浊流沉积呈多期不完整鲍马序列叠加; (2)粒度特征: 砂质碎屑流沉积多呈“短尾”两段式,跳跃次总体占95%以上,斜率较陡,而悬浮次总体通常小于5%,且斜率平缓; 浊流沉积多呈典型的一段式; (3)C-M图: 研究区长7—长9段C-M值平行于C=M基线,符合重力流沉积特征。对2类重力流沉积的储集层、含油性及试油结果对比表明,砂质碎屑流沉积明显优于浊流沉积。吴起地区长7—长9段重力流沉积广布,其发现具有十分重要的勘探意义,其中砂质碎屑流沉积应作为研究区延长组下组合致密油勘探的优先靶区,其次为浊流沉积。

关键词: 重力流沉积, 砂质碎屑流沉积, 浊流沉积, 滑动—滑塌沉积, 延长组, 鄂尔多斯盆地

CLC Number:

P588.21

AIKERANMU·Wusimanjiang, ZHAO Jingzhou, GAO Zhendong, WANG Shixiong, SUN Binghua, MENG Xuangang, YAN Xinzhi, XUE Ning. Gravity flow deposits and their significance on exploration in the Chang 7 to Chang 9 members of Triassic Yanchang Formation in Wuqi area,Ordos Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition）, 2026, 28(4): 1440-1460.

艾克然木·吾斯曼江, 赵靖舟, 高振东, 王世雄, 孙兵华, 孟选刚, 闫新智, 薛宁. 鄂尔多斯盆地吴起地区三叠系延长组长7—长9段重力流沉积及其勘探意义^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2026, 28(4): 1440-1460.

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URL: http://www.gdlxb.cn/EN/10.7605/gdlxb.2026.066

http://www.gdlxb.cn/EN/Y2026/V28/I4/1440

Figures/Tables 23

Fig.1 Location of Wuqi Area and sampling wells for the Chang 7-Chang 9 members and stratigraphic column in Wuqi area (Fig.1-B modified from Deng et al., 2024)

Fig.2 Core photographs demonstrating gravity flow deposits for the Chang 7 member of Yanchang Formation in Wuqi area

Fig.3 Core photographs demonstrating gravity flow deposits for the Chang 8 member of Yanchang Formation in Wuqi area

Fig.4 Core photographs demonstrating gravity flow deposits for the Chang 9 member of Yanchang Formation in Wuqi area

Fig.5 Features of sandy debris flow,turbidite cores and corresponding probability cumulative curves for the Chang 7-Chang 9 members of Yanchang Formation in Wuqi area

Fig.6 Probability cumulative curves of different gravity flow types for the Chang 7-Chang 9 members of Yanchang Formation in Wuqi area

Fig.7 C-M diagram for different types of gravity flows for the Chang 7-Chang 9 members of Yanchang Formation in Wuqi area

Table 1 Average values of grain size parameters for the Chang 7-Chang 9 members of Yanchang Formation in Wuqi area

沉积类型	平均粒径/φ	标准偏差(σ₁)	偏度(SK₁)	尖度(K_G)	C值/μm	M值/μm
浊流沉积	3.45	0.42	0.20	3.21	198.45	101.39
砂质碎屑流沉积	3.19	0.47	0.24	3.27	227.68	114.44

Fig.8 Single-well facies analysis for the Chang 7 member of Well ZC130 in Wuqi area

Fig.9 Distribution of grain size cumulative probability curves for the Chang 7 member in Wuqi area

Fig.10 Single-well facies analysis for the Chang 8 member of Well W84 in Wuqi area

Fig.11 Distribution of grain size cumulative probability curves for the Chang 8 member in Wuqi area

Fig.12 Single-well facies analysis for the Chang 9 member of Well W92 in Wuqi area

Fig.13 Distribution of grain size cumulative probability curves for the Chang 9 member in Wuqi area

Fig.14 Schematic diagram of gravity flow depositional models and forming processes in Chang 7-Chang 9 members,Wuqi area

Fig.15 Facies distribution for the Chang 7-Chang 9 members in Wuqi area

Fig.16 Lithologic ternary diagram of gravity flow deposits for the Chang 7-Chang 9 members of Yanchang Formation in Wuqi area

Fig.17 Photomicrographs of gravity flow deposits for the Chang 7-Chang 9 members of Yanchang Formation in Wuqi area

Table 2 Porosity-permeability statistics for different sediment gravity flow deposits types for the Chang 7-Chang 9 members of Yanchang Formation in Wuqi area

沉积类型	渗透率/10^-3 μm²				孔隙度/%				碳酸盐含量/%
沉积类型	最大值	最小值	平均值	中位值	最大值	最小值	平均值	中位值	最大值	最小值	平均值	中位值
浊流沉积	1.16	0.02	0.395	0.26	11.1	2.5	6.18	6.05	12.6	0.8	6.09	6.15
砂质碎屑流沉积	3.84	0.11	1.016	0.83	16.5	4.4	9.22	9.00	14.2	0.7	4.15	3.05

Fig.18 Porosity vs. permeability and carbonate content vs. permeability cross-plots for different sediment gravity flow deposits types for the Chang 7-Chang 9 members of Yanchang Formation in Wuqi area

Fig.19 Fluorescence thin-section photographs of different gravity flow deposits types in Wuqi area

Table 3 Oil saturation versus initial production tests statistics for different gravity flow deposits types for the Chang 7-Chang 9 members reservoirs in Wuqi area

沉积类型	含油饱和度/%				试油产量/t·d^-1
沉积类型	最大值	最小值	平均值	中位数	最大值	最小值	平均值	中位数
浊流沉积	82.75	12.25	48.871	44.03	3.49	0.46	1.99	2.44
砂质碎屑流沉积	84.34	18.08	55.612	52.36	8.79	0.24	3.44	2.70

Fig.20 Hydrocarbon potential distribution for different gravity flow deposits types for the Chang 7-Chang 9 members reservoirs in Wuqi area

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