Pore structure and influencing factors of shell-clay mixed shale: a case study from the Da’anzhai member in Longgang area,northern Sichuan Basin

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2026.058

Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition） ›› 2026, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (2): 568-581. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2026.058

• OIL AND GAS GEOLOGY • Previous Articles Next Articles

Pore structure and influencing factors of shell-clay mixed shale: a case study from the Da’anzhai member in Longgang area,northern Sichuan Basin

XIN Jiayan¹(), ZHU Haihua¹(), WANG Minglei², ZHANG Benjian³, WU Zhongbao², WANG Libin², QIN Chunyu³, LI Yucong³

1 School of Geoscience and Technology,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu 610500, China
2 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,PetroChina,Beijing 100083, China
3 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company,Chengdu 610041,China

Received:2025-07-14 Revised:2025-10-20 Online:2026-04-01 Published:2026-04-07
Contact: ZHU Haihua,born in 1987,a master supervisor,is mainly engaged in research on oil and gas reservoir evaluation. E-mail: zhhswpu@163.com.
About author:
XIN Jiayan,born in 1998,is a master degree candidate. Her main research direction is reservoir geology. E-mail: 2308413183@qq.com.
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42202176); PetroChina-Southwest Petroleum University Innovation Consortium Science and Technology Cooperation Project(2020CX050103)

介壳-黏土混积页岩孔隙结构及影响因素: 以川北龙岗地区大安寨段为例^*

辛佳艳¹(), 祝海华¹(), 王明磊², 张本健³, 吴忠宝², 汪莉彬², 秦春雨³, 李育聪³

1 西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院,四川成都 610500
2 中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083
3 中国石油西南油气田分公司勘探开发研究院,四川成都 610041

通讯作者: 祝海华,男,1987年生,硕士生导师,主要从事油气储集层评价研究。E-mail: zhhswpu@163.com。
作者简介:
辛佳艳,女,1998年生,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为储集层地质学。E-mail: 2308413183@qq.com。
基金资助:
* 国家自然科学基金项目(42202176); 中国石油—西南石油大学创新联合体科技合作项目(2020CX050103)

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the pore structure characteristics of the shale oil reservoir in the Jurassic Da’anzhai Member in Longgang area,northern Sichuan Basin,a systematic analysis of pore features and their controlling factors in the Da’anzhai shale was conducted using organic carbon analysis,field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),nitrogen adsorption,and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)experiments. The results indicate that: (1)The pore types in the Da’anzhai shale oil reservoir are dominated by clay mineral intercrystalline pores,followed by calcite intercrystalline pores,quartz intercrystalline pores,with minor organic matter pores and pyrite intercrystalline pores. (2)Clay content controls the pore volume and specific surface area of the shale,while organic matter content has minimal influence on porosity. (3)Calcite intercrystalline pores primarily contribute to larger pores but are limited in number and volume. Microscopically,these pores are mainly found within biogenic shells,with the shell edges being dense and non-porous. The low degree of asphalt filling and poor connectivity are notable. The development of calcite intercrystalline pores is controlled by shell recrystallization,with larger shells being more prone to recrystallization and forming intercrystalline porosity. (4)Authigenic quartz intercrystalline pores are distributed along shell edges,exhibiting better connectivity than calcite intercrystalline pores. These pores formed earlier than the hydrocarbon generation stage of organic matter and are often filled with hydrocarbons,contributing significantly to effective storage space. Their development is controlled by the degree of silicification of shells,with larger shells more susceptible to replacement,forming quartz intercrystalline pores. (5)The mixing of clay and shells results in a distinct “binary” structure in the reservoir space: clay-rich areas are characterized by pores with high specific surface area,small pore size,and good adsorption capacity,while shell-rich areas are dominated by pores with low specific surface area,large pore size,but limited connectivity.

Key words: pore structure, nitrogen adsorption, nuclear magnetic resonance, shale oil, Da’anzhai member, Sichuan Basin

摘要：

为研究川北龙岗地区侏罗系大安寨段页岩油储集层孔隙结构特征,基于有机碳分析、场发射扫描电镜、XRD全岩、氮气吸附及核磁共振实验,对大安寨段页岩孔隙特征及控制因素进行了系统分析。结果表明: (1)大安寨段页岩油储集层孔隙类型以黏土晶间孔为主,其次方解石晶间孔、石英晶间孔,少量有机质孔隙、黄铁矿晶间孔。(2)黏土含量控制了页岩的孔体积和比表面积,有机质含量对孔隙影响小。(3)方解石晶间孔主要贡献大孔隙,但数量少、体积小。微观上主要见于生物介壳内部,介壳边缘致密无孔,沥青充填程度低,连通性较差。方解石晶间孔发育程度受控于介壳的重结晶作用,大介壳更易重结晶形成晶间孔隙。(4)自生石英晶间孔分布于介壳边缘,孔隙连通性优于方解石晶间孔,形成早于有机质生烃阶段,常被烃类充注,对有效储集空间贡献大。自生石英孔隙的发育受控于介壳硅质交代程度,大介壳更易被交代形成石英晶间孔隙。(5)黏土和介壳的混积作用导致储集空间呈现明显的“二元”结构: 富黏土位置以高比表面积、小孔径、良好吸附性的孔隙为主; 而富介壳区域则以低比表面积、大孔径但连通性受限的孔隙为主。

关键词: 孔隙结构, 氮气吸附, 核磁共振, 页岩油, 大安寨段, 四川盆地

CLC Number:

XIN Jiayan, ZHU Haihua, WANG Minglei, ZHANG Benjian, WU Zhongbao, WANG Libin, QIN Chunyu, LI Yucong. Pore structure and influencing factors of shell-clay mixed shale: a case study from the Da’anzhai member in Longgang area,northern Sichuan Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition）, 2026, 28(2): 568-581.

辛佳艳, 祝海华, 王明磊, 张本健, 吴忠宝, 汪莉彬, 秦春雨, 李育聪. 介壳-黏土混积页岩孔隙结构及影响因素: 以川北龙岗地区大安寨段为例^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2026, 28(2): 568-581.

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Figures/Tables 13

Fig.1 Location of the studied Well LA1 and distribution of shale samples from the Da’anzhai member in Well LA1 in Longgang area, northern Sichuan Basin(Structural zoning map of Sichuan Basin is after Sun et al., 2021)

Table1 Pore structure parameters,TOC,and mineral composition of studied samples from the Da’anzhai member in Longgang area,northern Sichuan Basin

样品编号	BET比表面 /m²·g^-1	BJH孔体积/cm³·g^-1			TOC/%	XRD矿物组分/ω%						岩石类型
样品编号	BET比表面 /m²·g^-1	总孔体积	介孔	宏孔	TOC/%	石英	方解石	白云石	黄铁矿	斜长石	黏土矿物	岩石类型
1	4.557	0.009	0.006	0.003	1.75	32.1	6.2	0.0	0.0	4.5	57.3	Ⅰ
2	8.377	0.016	0.008	0.008	0.88	23.5	4.4	0.0	0.5	0.0	71.6	Ⅰ
3	7.108	0.013	0.008	0.005	1.78	25.2	6.0	0.0	0.0	3.0	65.8	Ⅰ
4	5.408	0.013	0.008	0.005	2.40	28.9	1.0	0.0	0.5	4.1	65.6	Ⅰ
5	2.104	0.008	0.006	0.003	1.74	39.1	9.1	3.4	0.0	4.3	44.1	Ⅱ
6	4.801	0.012	0.008	0.004	1.71	29.3	3.5	0.0	0.0	2.0	65.2	Ⅰ
7	4.851	0.012	0.008	0.004	1.62	32.5	12.0	0.0	1.7	1.0	52.8	Ⅰ
8	6.368	0.014	0.008	0.006	2.03	31.6	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.9	67.2	Ⅰ
9	2.744	0.005	0.004	0.001	0.66	15.4	45.5	0.0	0.0	0.9	38.3	Ⅱ
10	4.012	0.006	0.004	0.002	0.51	17.9	35.4	0.0	0.3	2.3	44.1	Ⅱ
11	1.064	0.003	0.002	0.001	1.28	12.0	65.4	0.8	0.6	2.0	19.2	Ⅲ
12	3.721	0.006	0.004	0.002	0.70	17.0	49.1	0.0	0.0	1.0	32.9	Ⅱ

Fig.2 Ternary diagram of rock types of samples from the Da’anzhai member in Longgang area,northern Sichuan Basin(classi-fication scheme according to Zhu et al., 2022)

Fig.3 Core and thin section photomicrographs for typical rock types of the Da’anzhai member of Well LA1 in Longgang area, northern Sichuan Basin

Fig.4 Scanning Electron Microscope photos of typical pores in studied samples from the Da’anzhai member in Longgang area, northern Sichuan Basin

Fig.5 Statistics of pore size distribution of different types of pores in the Da’anzhai member in Longgang area,northern Sichuan Basin(data from 2D images analysis by SEM)

Fig.6 Low-pressure N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms of studied samples in the Da’anzhai member in Longgang area,northern Sichuan Basin

Fig.7 BET specific surface area distribution(A)and BJH pore volume distribution(B)of shale samples from the Da’anzhai member in Longgang area,northern Sichuan Basin

Fig.8 Pore volume distribution with pore size derived from N₂ adsorption branch for isotherms of studied samples using BJH model in the Da’anzhai member in Longgang area,northern Sichuan Basin

Fig.9 Nuclear magnetic resonance T₂ spectrum distribution of typical samples before and after centrifugation in the Da’anzhai member in Longgang area,northern Sichuan Basin

Fig.10 Relationship between TOC and specific surface area and pore volume of typical shale in the Da’anzhai member in Longgang area, northern Sichuan Basin

Fig.11 Scatter plots of surface area,pore volume versus clay,calcite and quartz mineral composition in the Da’anzhai member in Longgang area,northern Sichuan Basin

Fig.12 Differences in pore development of shells with varying thickness in the Da’anzhai member in Longgang area, northern Sichuan Basin

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