Geothermal reservoir characteristics and favorable zone prediction of the Lower Paleozoic carbonate rocks in eastern margin of Southern North China Basin

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2026.041

Abstract

Abstract:

Characterizing Lower Paleozoic carbonate thermal reservoirs is essential for evaluating the geothermal resource potential of the eastern margin of the South North China Basin. Integrating findings from prior studies with newly acquired drilling,core,outcrop,and geochemical analytical data,this study systematically characterizes Cambrian and Ordovician thermal reservoirs,delineates their spatial distribution patterns and associated geothermal field attributes,and identifies prospective exploration targets. Key findings are as follows: (1)Lower Paleozoic carbonate thermal reservoirs in the study area are predominantly hosted in the Zhangxia Formation and overlying strata. Reservoir types include oolitic shoal,dolomitic,and karst reservoirs. Late-stage tectonic activity has significantly influenced the oolitic shoal and dolomitic reservoirs,promoting secondary karstification;consequently,well-developed karst reservoirs—predominantly Class II and III fractured systems—are widespread across the region.(2)Karst reservoir distribution exhibits clear structural control,with dominant NW-and NE-trending orientations. In shallow-buried settings,the top of the Cambrian reservoir ranges from 500 to 2500 m depth,whereas the Ordovician reservoir top lies between 100 and 2000 m. Corresponding top-reservoir temperatures range from 30 to 90 ℃.(3)A quantitative evaluation framework for karst reservoir favorability was established,incorporating three key parameters: burial depth,caprock geothermal gradient,and degree of karst development. Application of this framework identifies the western Shangqiu area of the Taikang Uplift as the most prospective zone for karst-hosted geothermal resources—providing a robust scientific basis for prioritizing future geothermal exploration and development efforts in the basin.

Key words: Southern North China Basin, Cambrian, Ordovician, geothermal reservoir of carbonate rocks, favorable zone prediction

摘要：

南华北盆地东部下古生界寒武系和奥陶系碳酸盐岩热储勘探程度低,开展寒武系和奥陶系热储特征研究对认识下古生界碳酸盐岩地热资源潜力具有重要的指导意义。本研究基于前人研究成果,利用最新的钻井、岩心、露头、分析测试等资料,系统研究了寒武系和奥陶系热储特征,分析了热储展布规律和地温场特征,并预测了有利区。结果表明: (1)南华北盆地东部下古生界碳酸盐岩热储主要分布于张夏组及其上覆地层,储集层类型为鲕粒滩储集层、白云岩储集层和风化壳岩溶储集层。鲕粒滩储集层和白云岩储集层受后期构造运动影响,易形成风化壳岩溶储集层。研究区风化壳岩溶储集层发育广泛,以Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类裂缝储集层为主。(2)研究区岩溶热储受构造影响,呈北西和北东走向,浅埋区寒武系热储顶面埋深500~2500 m,奥陶系热储顶面埋深100~2000 m;热储顶面温度30~90 ℃。(3)基于热储顶面埋深、盖层地温梯度和岩溶发育程度建立了研究区岩溶热储选区评价标准,经评价认为太康隆起商丘地区西部为岩溶热储勘探的最有利地区;研究为南华北盆地东部下一步地热勘探开发指明了方向。

关键词: 南华北盆地, 寒武系, 奥陶系, 碳酸盐岩热储, 有利区预测

CLC Number:

P314

ZHANG Hui, WANG Yanxin, MAO Xiang, XING Qian, LUO Lu, HE Tingting. Geothermal reservoir characteristics and favorable zone prediction of the Lower Paleozoic carbonate rocks in eastern margin of Southern North China Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition）, 2026, 28(4): 1603-1617.

章惠, 王延欣, 毛翔, 邢倩, 罗璐, 贺婷婷. 南华北盆地东部下古生界碳酸盐岩热储特征及有利区预测^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2026, 28(4): 1603-1617.

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URL: http://www.gdlxb.cn/EN/10.7605/gdlxb.2026.041

http://www.gdlxb.cn/EN/Y2026/V28/I4/1603

Figures/Tables 13

Fig.1 Structural location map of the Southern North China Basin

Fig.2 Comprehensive stratigraphic column of the Cambrian-Ordovician in Southern China North Basin

Fig.3 North-south profile of Southern North China Basin(profile location in Fig. 1)

Fig.4 Cambrian-Ordovician lithologic characteristics in Southern North China Basin

Table 1 Reservoir type and stratigraphy of the Cambrian-Ordovician carbonate rocks in eastern Southern North China Basin

储集层类型	岩性	储集空间类型	主要发育层位
鲕粒滩储集层	亮晶鲕粒灰岩、鲕粒白云岩	残余粒间孔、粒内溶孔	寒武系张夏组
白云岩储集层	泥-粉晶白云岩、晶粒白云岩	晶间孔、粒间孔、粒内溶孔和缝-洞	寒武系崮山组及上覆地层
白云岩储集层	泥-粉晶白云岩、晶粒白云岩	晶间孔、粒间孔、粒内溶孔和缝-洞	奥陶系下马家沟组和上马家沟组
风化壳岩溶储集层	灰岩、白云岩、角砾岩	溶孔、缝-洞	寒武系张夏组—三山子组c段
风化壳岩溶储集层	灰岩、白云岩、角砾岩	溶孔、缝-洞	奥陶系下马家沟组和上马家沟组

Fig.5 Cambrian-Ordovician reservoir types in Southern North China Basin

Fig.6 Palaeogeomorphologic map of eastern Southern North China Basin during the Huaiyuan and Caledonian movements

Table 2 Statistics of logging interpretation results for geothermal wells in eastern Southern North China Basin

井号	地层	Ⅰ类裂缝层			Ⅱ类裂缝层			Ⅲ类裂缝层
井号	地层	厚度/m	孔隙度/%	渗透率/10^-3 μm²	厚度/m	孔隙度/%	渗透率/10^-3 μm²	厚度/m	孔隙度/%	渗透率/10^-3 μm²
WT1	寒武系	0.9	10.83	28.57	23.3	5.34	1.73	17.2	2.56	0.24
WT2	寒武系	6.2	10.98	18.76	9.6	6.09	1.91	30.2	4.86	0.90
SJ1	奥陶系	4.6	12.09	24.50	0.9	9.09	6.24	2.4	5.53	1.29
SJ1	寒武系	2.0	16.10	76.70	16.3	8.84	8.72	8.3	7.49	5.88

Fig.7 Well logging interpretation profile of the Cambrian-Ordovician in eastern Southern North China Basin

Fig.8 Burial depth map of top surface of the Lower Paleozoic Cambrian and Ordovician in eastern Southern North China Basin

Fig.9 Average geothermal gradient map of eastern Southern North China Basin

Table 3 Evaluation criteria for selection of karst geothermal reservoirs in eastern Southern North China Basin

评价指标	Ⅰ类区	Ⅱ类区		Ⅲ类区
顶面埋深/m	1500~2500	2500~3000	1000~1500	≥3000	1000~1500
盖层地温梯度/℃·(100 m)^-1	≥3.0	2.5~3.0	≥3.0	<2.5	<3.0
岩溶发育程度	良好	一般		较差

Fig.10 Comprehensive evaluation map of the Cambrian and Ordovician geothermal reservoirs in eastern South North China Basin

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