Paleoproterozoic branched columnar stromatolites from the Beida-xing Formation of Hutuo Group in Wutai area,North China: morphological characteristics and genetic analysis

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2025.081

Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition） ›› 2026, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (4): 1350-1368. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2025.081

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Paleoproterozoic branched columnar stromatolites from the Beida-xing Formation of Hutuo Group in Wutai area,North China: morphological characteristics and genetic analysis

YI Zhaoyang¹(), YAN Zhen², LEI Yong³, LIU Jianbo¹^,⁴()

¹ School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
² Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
³ College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Taigu 030801, China
⁴ Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution(Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Received:2025-03-24 Revised:2025-05-15 Online:2026-08-01 Published:2026-08-14
Contact: LIU Jianbo,born in 1966,professor,is engaged in paleontology,sedimentology and paleoenvironment changes. E-mail: jbliu@pku.edu.cn.
About author:
YI Zhaoyang,born in 1999,Ph.D. candidate,is engaged in research on Precambrian microbialites. E-mail: zyyi@alumni.pku.edu.cn.
Supported by:
Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(42293292); Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(20210302123378)

华北五台地区古元古界滹沱群北大兴组分枝柱状叠层石的形态特征和成因分析^*

易昭阳¹(), 闫振², 雷勇³, 刘建波¹^,⁴()

¹ 北京大学地球与空间科学学院, 北京 100871
² 中国地质科学院地质研究所, 北京 100037
³ 山西农业大学资源环境学院, 山西太谷030801
⁴ 造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室, 北京大学, 北京 100871

通讯作者: 刘建波,男,1966年生,教授,主要从事古生物学、沉积学及古环境研究。E-mail: jbliu@pku.edu.cn。
作者简介:
易昭阳,男,1999年生,博士研究生,主要从事前寒武纪微生物岩研究。E-mail: zyyi@alumni.pku.edu.cn。
基金资助:
*国家自然科学基金重大项目(42293292); 山西省基础研究计划(20210302123378)

Abstract

Abstract:

Paleoproterozoic stromatolites preserve structural features of microbial-environmental interactions,providing crucial biosedimentary records for deciphering the co-evolution of microbial communities and early environmental transitions. This study focuses on the branched columnar stromatolites from the basal Beidaxing Formation(~2.0 Ga)of the Hutuo Group in Wutai area,North China. Through macro-to-micro scale structural characterization,we elucidate their morphological features,controlling factors,and evolutionary significance. The results demonstrate that these stromatolites exhibit typical branched columnar structures,preserving well-defined alternating light-dark laminae(with light layers composed of microsparry or sparry dolomite and dark layers primarily of micritic dolomite), along with microclots and other microstructures. The alternating light-dark laminae reflect periodic microbial responses to environmental fluctuations,while the microclot structures originate from the synergistic interplay between microbial calcification and microbial mat degradation. Comprehensive analysis of both macroscopic morphological characteristics(including column inclination,diameter variations,and spatial distribution density)and sedimentological features(frequent scour surfaces,growth discontinuities,and abundant peloids)indicates their formation was governed by a dynamic equilibrium of key environmental factors: hydrodynamic conditions,growth space,light availability,and sediment input,etc. These stromatolites developed in moderate-to-high energy environments spanning the lower intertidal to shallow subtidal zones,characterized by low terrigenous input,moderate sedimentation rates,and frequent storm or tidal influences.

Key words: branched columnar stromatolites, red beds, Beidaxing Formation, Hutuo Group, Paleoproterozoic, North China

摘要：

古元古代叠层石保存的微生物与环境相互作用的构造特征,为解析微生物群落演化与早期环境协同转变提供了关键的生物沉积学证据。本研究以华北五台地区滹沱群北大兴组底部(~2.0 Ga)的分枝柱状叠层石为研究对象,通过宏观—微观多尺度构造特征分析,揭示了其形态特征、控制因素及演化意义。研究结果表明,五台地区北大兴组底部叠层石发育典型的分枝柱状构造,柱体内部保存有周期性交替的明暗纹层及微凝块等微观构造,其中明暗纹层中的明层由微晶或亮晶白云石组成,暗层主要为泥晶白云石,两者交替可能反映了微生物群落对环境波动的周期性响应,而微凝块构造则可能受微生物席降解和微生物钙化的影响。综合宏观形态特征(柱体的倾斜生长、直径变化及空间分布密度的差异)和沉积学特征(频繁的冲刷-侵蚀面、生长间断面及丰富的似球粒)分析,北大兴组分枝柱状叠层石形成主要受控于水动力条件、生长空间、光照条件及沉积物输入通量等关键环境因素的动态平衡,其主要沉积于潮间带下部至浅潮下带,发育环境以中—高能水动力条件为特征,沉积输入通量较低且沉积速率适中,且频繁受到风暴或潮汐作用的影响。

关键词: 分枝柱状叠层石, 红层, 北大兴组, 滹沱群, 古元古代, 华北

CLC Number:

P588.248

YI Zhaoyang, YAN Zhen, LEI Yong, LIU Jianbo. Paleoproterozoic branched columnar stromatolites from the Beida-xing Formation of Hutuo Group in Wutai area,North China: morphological characteristics and genetic analysis[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition）, 2026, 28(4): 1350-1368.

易昭阳, 闫振, 雷勇, 刘建波. 华北五台地区古元古界滹沱群北大兴组分枝柱状叠层石的形态特征和成因分析^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2026, 28(4): 1350-1368.

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时代/Ga	地区	地层	宏观特征	中型构造	微观构造	沉积环境	资源来源
3.5-3.3	南非	Swaziland超群	简单分枝,柱体直径2~3 cm	纹层曲率中等		浅水环境	Byerly et al., 1986
3.0	南非	Pongola超群 Nsuze群	简单分枝,柱体直径2~3 cm	纹层曲率较高,纹层厚0.1~0.3 mm	由泥晶和微亮晶白云石组成	潮上带至低潮间带,中—高能环境	Beukes and Lowe,1989
2.8	加拿大	Mosher Carbonate组	简单分枝,柱体直径1~3 cm	纹层曲率较高	重结晶作用改造明显,含不规则的深灰色有机质	台内环境,水体能量较低	Fralick and Riding,2015
2.72	澳大利亚	Fortescue群 Tumbiana组	简单分枝,柱体直径约5 cm	纹层曲率较高	含残余丝状体结构	湖泊、河流及滨海环境	Schopf and Walter,1983; van Kranendonk et al., 2012
~2.6	印度	Chitradurga群	简单分枝,柱体直径约5 cm	纹层曲率较高,纹层厚0.1~0.5 mm	硅化严重,由细粒白云石、铁质矿物及燧石组成	潮间带,高能环境,受波浪与潮汐作用	Srinivasan et al., 1989
2.58-2.50	南非	Transvaal超群	简单分枝和复杂分枝,柱体直径1~1.5 cm	纹层曲率较高	由暗色白云石组成	浅潮下带,高能环境	Truswell and Eriksson, 1972,1973; Altermann,2008
2.4-2.21	澳大利亚	Turee Creek群	简单分枝和复杂分枝,柱体直径0.3~2 cm	纹层曲率中等	由微晶和亮晶白云石组成,含残余有机质	潮间带,受海平面波动控制	Barlow et al., 2016
~2.0	华北	滹沱群北大兴组	简单分枝和复杂分枝,柱体直径0.3~2 cm	纹层曲率较高,纹层厚度0.1~0.5 mm,常见冲刷—侵蚀面	由泥晶、微晶和亮晶白云石组成,含微凝块构造	潮间带下部至浅潮下带,中—高能环境	本研究
~1.8	澳大利亚	Duck Creek组	简单分枝和复杂分枝,柱体直径1~3 cm	纹层曲率中等,纹层厚度小于1 mm		浅水潟湖环境,可能伴随周期性暴露	Grey and Thorne,1985
1.42	华北	铁岭组	简单分枝和复杂分枝,柱体直径3~6 cm	纹层曲率较低,纹层厚度1~1.5 mm,常见侵蚀截断	由泥晶和微晶白云石组成	浅潮下带,遭受持续水流或潮汐作用	Tosti and Riding,2017
1.25	华北	雾迷山组	简单分枝和复杂分枝,柱体直径0.3~0.5 cm	纹层曲率较低,纹层厚度小于0.1 mm	由亮晶白云石组成	潮上带至潮间带	Mei et al., 2010

时代/Ga	地区	地层	宏观特征	中型构造	微观构造	沉积环境	资源来源
3.5-3.3	南非	Swaziland超群	简单分枝,柱体直径2~3 cm	纹层曲率中等		浅水环境	Byerly et al., 1986
3.0	南非	Pongola超群 Nsuze群	简单分枝,柱体直径2~3 cm	纹层曲率较高,纹层厚0.1~0.3 mm	由泥晶和微亮晶白云石组成	潮上带至低潮间带,中—高能环境	Beukes and Lowe,1989
2.8	加拿大	Mosher Carbonate组	简单分枝,柱体直径1~3 cm	纹层曲率较高	重结晶作用改造明显,含不规则的深灰色有机质	台内环境,水体能量较低	Fralick and Riding,2015
2.72	澳大利亚	Fortescue群 Tumbiana组	简单分枝,柱体直径约5 cm	纹层曲率较高	含残余丝状体结构	湖泊、河流及滨海环境	Schopf and Walter,1983; van Kranendonk et al., 2012
~2.6	印度	Chitradurga群	简单分枝,柱体直径约5 cm	纹层曲率较高,纹层厚0.1~0.5 mm	硅化严重,由细粒白云石、铁质矿物及燧石组成	潮间带,高能环境,受波浪与潮汐作用	Srinivasan et al., 1989
2.58-2.50	南非	Transvaal超群	简单分枝和复杂分枝,柱体直径1~1.5 cm	纹层曲率较高	由暗色白云石组成	浅潮下带,高能环境	Truswell and Eriksson, 1972,1973; Altermann,2008
2.4-2.21	澳大利亚	Turee Creek群	简单分枝和复杂分枝,柱体直径0.3~2 cm	纹层曲率中等	由微晶和亮晶白云石组成,含残余有机质	潮间带,受海平面波动控制	Barlow et al., 2016
~2.0	华北	滹沱群北大兴组	简单分枝和复杂分枝,柱体直径0.3~2 cm	纹层曲率较高,纹层厚度0.1~0.5 mm,常见冲刷—侵蚀面	由泥晶、微晶和亮晶白云石组成,含微凝块构造	潮间带下部至浅潮下带,中—高能环境	本研究
~1.8	澳大利亚	Duck Creek组	简单分枝和复杂分枝,柱体直径1~3 cm	纹层曲率中等,纹层厚度小于1 mm		浅水潟湖环境,可能伴随周期性暴露	Grey and Thorne,1985
1.42	华北	铁岭组	简单分枝和复杂分枝,柱体直径3~6 cm	纹层曲率较低,纹层厚度1~1.5 mm,常见侵蚀截断	由泥晶和微晶白云石组成	浅潮下带,遭受持续水流或潮汐作用	Tosti and Riding,2017
1.25	华北	雾迷山组	简单分枝和复杂分枝,柱体直径0.3~0.5 cm	纹层曲率较低,纹层厚度小于0.1 mm	由亮晶白云石组成	潮上带至潮间带	Mei et al., 2010

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